Hr Provision Essay

Provision function: is a consecutive process of human resources planning, job analysis, recruitment, selection, placement and incorporation. HR Planning The ongoing process of systematic planning is to achieve optimum use of an organization’s most valuable asset – its human resources. The objective of HR planning is to ensure the best fit between employees and jobs, while avoiding manpower shortages or surpluses. Sands Corporation would have to look at the three key elements of the HR planning process, which are: forecasting labour demand, analyzing present labour supply, and balancing projected labour demand and supply. Proper human resource planning will enable Sands HR department to plan recruitment, selection, training and career development . The HR plan needs to be flexible enough to meet short-term staffing challenges, while adapting to changing conditions in the business and environment over the longer term. Job Analysis and Design Job analysis is the process by which HR systematically investigate the task, duties and responsibilities of the jobs within an organisation. For human resource to be effective, Sands HR must be aware of the essentials that amount to each position. That is there should be a process whereby the substance, demands and responsibilities of a job are determined. Therefore two sets of information should originate from job analysis. First, Job Description which is the document that identifies and defines: a job in terms of duties, responsibilities, tasks and supervisory relationships. Second, Job Specification which is a written statement which emphasises the characteristics required from the incumbent to perform the job successfully, which should include skills, abilities and knowledge . Recruitment and selection the process of acquiring applicants who are available and qualified to fill the positions and choosing from a group of applicants the individual best suited for a particular position. Recruitment usually comes about as a result of HR planning and vacant positions that have to be filled. The staffing personnel, should use the job analysis as the point of departure, and follow steps such as recruitment planning, recruitment action (how, where and when), the type of recruiting source, screening and selecting . HR manager and the staffing personnel should through the recruiting process, consider the legal aspects as well, such as the labour Relation Act, No. 66 of 1995, the Basic Conditions of Employment Act, No. 75 of 1997 and the Employment Equity Act, no. 55 of 1998. Placement this is the process by which the staffing specialist will place a new appointed employee in an organisation, or transfer existing employees are transferred to new posts. Placement is important because of the heterogeneity of the labour groups. The staffing personnel should make sure that there is â€Å"FIT† between the job itself and the new job incumbent, so that there would be high productivity and a lower turn over from the new incumbent. It should be clear that placement is a combination of the employers’ requirement to fill a position successfully and the employee’s motivation to reach the top. Incorporation The specialist in training and development should attend and make sure that the new employee settles into the new position. The employee should be provided with the information regarding the organisation and its culture through orientation, must also be given specific information about the position and the department should be given through induction. The new employee must be made to feel part of the new work group as soon as possible. The training personnel need to explain the organisations policies, rules and regulations to the new employee as well as counter negative influences by fellow workers.

Iago’s Motivation for Manipulating and Destroying Other Characters

Iago’s Motivation For Manipulating and Destroying Other Characters In Shakespeare’s Othello, Iago is the most notorious villain. It is clear that Iago feels that other people’s lives that surround him are insignificant. He will use people as pawns signifying that he feels life is simply a game. Iago is very deceitful; he is capable of manipulating anyone who fits into his master plan. Considering Iago is such a phenomenal mastermind he can easily be compared to a director of a play this is because he finds any way possible to get exactly what he wants.Iago’s capacity for cruelty seems limitless. Although Iago never reveals his motives for manipulating and destroying the lives of people he appears to care about, he demonstrates acts of hidden insecurities, deep resentment towards people, and feelings which influences him to desire to ruin their lives. Underneath Iago’s fearless facade lays numerous insecurities. Iago does not receive any genuine love from anyone. The lack of compassion in Iago’s life leads him to be to be profoundly resentful and cold hearted towards other people, love and even friendship.He never lets his guard down for he feels he cannot trust anyone. Even though Iago is a married man, him and his wife Emilia are not in a loving relationship. Iago does not respect her or any other women. The lack of respect Iago has for women allows him to treat his wife unfairly and speak to her in a manner no man in love ever would. Iago will tell his wife to shut up when she is speaking her mind and feel no remorse for it. (4,2,140) Iago having an unsuccessful marriage has leaded him to believe that there is no such difference between love and lust.Iago sees love as a useless emotion that makes you lose control and will ruin you. Iago proves this when he says: â€Å"If the balance of our lives had not one scale of reason to poise Another of sensuality, the blood and bareness of Our natures would conduct us to most prepost’rous Conclusions. But we have to cool our raging Motions, our carnal strings or unbitted lusts, Whereof I take this that you call love to be a sect or scion. † (Shakespeare 1. 3. 321-328) Iago is convinced women and men are only capable of having physical attractions to each other not genuine love, similar to his own marriage. 1. 3. 303) Iago has no compassion for people in love therefore it is easy for him to manipulate Othello to destroy his marriage between him and his wife Desdemona. Iago’s resentment towards Othello goes deeper than believing his marriage with Desdemona is a sham. Iago heard a rumor that his wife Emilia had an affair with Othello. Iago believed this rumor with no doubt about it because of his insecurities within his marriage, even though Emilia Denys it. Emilia stresses her argument: EMILIA. O fie upon them! Such squire he wasThat turn’d your wit the seamy side without And made you to suspect me with the Moor. IAGO. You are a fool, go to. (Shakespeare 4. 2. 144-147) Regardless of the possibility of Othello’s innocence, Iago continues motive hunting. Iago sees this as a perfect opportunity to have a solid reason for hating Othello. Whether Iago knows the real truth or not is insignificant because it would not change how he feels about Othello. Othello has been a victim of racism from the beginning of the play. (1. 1. 112-114) Iago is a racist toward Othello being a dark skinned man, a â€Å"moor†.Iago resents Othello based on his race; it contributes to the hatred Iago feels towards him. Iago’s words declare the severity of his hatred: â€Å"I hate the Moor. My cause is hearted; thine hath no/ less reason. Let us be conjunctive in our revenge against him (Shakespeare 1. 3. 361-363). Othello is both a â€Å"Moor† and not even a Venetian man; therefore Iago looks down on Othello. Iago sees him as a worthless human being, someone whose life is free to be toyed with. Othelloâ€⠄¢s race is a motive for Iago to want to destroy his life because he simply hates the fact that he is a â€Å"Moor†.Othello is the General, the leader of the Venetian armed forces. This means Othello is higher status among the Venetian forces than Iago is. Considering Othello is a â€Å"moor† as well as Iago’s boss, more resentment comes from Iago. Othello promoted Cassio to lieutenant over Iago, this made Iago irate with Othello considering they used to fight as soldiers together. Othello offends Iago numerous times, which motivates him to seek revenge on Othello. Although it isn’t Cassio’s fault he received the promotion, Iago’s jealousy drives him to sabotage Cassio.Iago constructs a fight between Roderigo and Cassio by manipulating the both of them through lies and alcohol, which leads to Cassio loosing his position as lieutenant. (Shakespeare 2. 3. 142-155) Once Cassio had been dismissed the lieutenant job it was finally designated to I ago. Iago thanked Othello in the most peculiar way; he thanked him in a manner similar to saying vows: OTHELLO. Now art thou my Lieutenant IAGO. I am your own forever. (Shakespeare 3. 4. 475-476) Iago speaks to Othello using underhanded phrases similar to the way a wife converses with her husband.Suggesting that Iago may have romantic feelings for Othello. Considering being a homosexual was not acceptable lifestyle in the sixteenth century, Iago would be sexually frustrated because women cannot satisfy him. This sexual frustration is a motive towards wanting to destroy the marriage between Othello and Desdemona. Iago having romantic feelings for Othello would explain why he put a substantial amount of effort into getting Desdemona out of the picture. Iago appears to be jealous of their relationship.Iago’s motives are derived from very intense emotion, they are well planned and he ensures his revenge is executed. Iago’s insecurities and issues with people have motivated him to be incredibly deceitful, untrustworthy and incapable of positive emotions. Although Iago’s motivation for manipulating and destroying people’s lives is not revealed directly, he exposes it through his successful master plan. Shakespeare, William. The Tragoedy of Othello, The Moore of Venice. Ed Alvin Kernan, General, Ed. Sylvan Barnet. First Signet Classics Printing (Second Revised Edition) April 1998

Case analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Case analysis - Coursework Example To begin with, it is crucial to examine the threat of emergence into the MP3 industry. The threat of entry expresses a medium possibility since the cost of production is moderate. For instance, the cost of packaging, of iRiver, is ?69 and the entity can sell the same at ?163. This suggests that it may stimulate new rivals into entering the market because the cost of producing mp3 products is meager. In addition, there is a considerable product margin that attracts new competitors. IFPI issued reports of a speculated increase in demand of music in mobile phones and the internet. This may swap physical formats of storing musical information such as CD’s and DVD in the succeeding years. In turn, many companies would wish to enter the market and pose market share threat to existing companies. For instance, the Microsoft Company has launched an MP3 product that is known as Zune. Such a product may be a competitive rival with the Apple Company products such as iPod. However, such an entry might be constrained with the difficulty of gaining market share. The Apple Company is reigning as the market leader because they face economies of scale that prohibits new entrants from the market. Sales of iPods make a figure of over 10 million and a considerable margin cost. It is crucial to highlight that there are only seven dominant companies in the MP3 industry. This is in spite of the idea that there are over 100 companies that participate in the production and sale of MP3 products. This is a manifestation of economies of scale that bar competitors from accessing the market. Additionally, the concept of differentiated products makes existing companies indispensable. For instance, the Apples’ iPod Nano has superb features such as the ability for easy downloads of songs. It becomes difficult for new entrants to have products that can overcome the customer belief in the existing companies. The second component of the five porter model pertains to buyer’s ba rgaining power. There are several quality products that place the customer in a tricky choice scenario for the most appealing model. In addition, these models follow price setters such as Apple in delivering pricey products. For instance, Apples’ products go at steep prices of $ 299. This makes the consumer to lose their bargaining power because several customers would be willing to purchase the music players without consideration of their prices. In this perspective, the customers possess a low bargaining power. Another feature that presents, in the MP3 player industry, pertains to consideration of brands over price. This suggests product differentiation that sets high prices for its products. Companies such as Apple set steep prices and establish high switching costs to other brands. This further cuts down on the customer bargaining power as a considerable number would be willing to purchase due to the high utility that the products present. In the end, customers purchase p roducts because of their superb features and attractive appearance. Additionally, there is the threat of substitute products. The digital products have distinct features that place them at a platform whereby they cannot easily be replaced by other products. This creates a medium threat of substitute from other products. Besides, the digital music products possess notable advantages for customers. For instance, the iPods possess a high quality stereo sound that gives them an edge

Is Facebook Growimg Up Too Fast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Is Facebook Growimg Up Too Fast - Essay Example 1). The company creates technologies that would enhance its goal of sharing information and interaction by individuals with people they know â€Å"in a trusted environment† (About Facebook par. 1) in line with its mission of providing â€Å"people the power to share and make the world more open and connected† (Facebook Announces par. 7). In just two years after its launch in February 2004, Facebook reached more than 8 million users in the U.S. alone (Yadav par. 1). And the increase in membership has been accelerating on a daily basis. But can this unprecedented increase in membership be a sufficient parameter to determine Facebook’s success as a social networking site. Brad Stone published an article in New York Times that attempts to provide answers to this question. Stone said Facebook reached a near 200 million users mark in just five years which has doubled in just eight months (as of August 2008), making it a major â€Å"social ecosystem† (Stone par. 2). Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg does not view such quantity a success â€Å"but the percentage of the wired world that uses the site and the amount of information - photographs, news articles and status updates – zipping across its servers† (Stone par. 9). Currently, one million users are added to its membership daily, 70 percent of whom come from other countries that joined when the services are offered in the local languages. Through Facebook, individuals are able to reconnect with lost relatives and friends, and create new bonds as well. It also became a launching pad for activism in 2008 and cut across social boundaries (friendship created between a school teacher and a prime minister). Dissatisfaction occurred among members when a new design and terms of service were introduced. Within the community, 2.5 million joined â€Å"Millions Against Facebook’s New Layout and Terms of Service† to oppose the dissemination of status updates (e.g. going to lunch) (Stone

Pull our troops from Afghanistan Research Paper

Pull our troops from Afghanistan - Research Paper Example The American people are very much concerned about the war in Afghanistan because of the large cost of war and economic destabilization, the deaths of a considerably large number of American soldiers in Afghanistan, and the exact number was never told to us and also the deteriorating image of the US as a country and Americans as a nation in the global scenario because of the killings of innocent civilians during various operations and strikes against the terrorists. But the most important of all the questions is ‘what exactly is our target and mission over there?’, ‘is there actually any way of winning the war?’ and ‘how exactly do we define a win in Afghanistan, in those conditions?’ So the government, the security agencies and the think tanks should first define the goals in Afghanistan and whether it is feasible to achieve those goals under present circumstances without any further damage to the economy and the country’s image. The defi nition of win should incorporate a number of factors in itself and a win should be a condition in which: a. The top leadership of Al Qaeda including Osama bin Laden and Aimen al-Zawahiri is either killed or captured ensuring that Al Qaeda is no longer stable enough to conduct such deadly attacks and terrorist activities again b. The threat of Taliban and other tribal terrorist organizations in Afghanistan as well as Pakistan is eradicated to an extent that it will not rise again and become a threat to the global peace and security c. The institutional setup, the government, the infrastructure, the police and other security agencies in Afghanistan are strong enough to ensure sustainable stability in the country which can ensure provision of basic services to the people of the country and can defend the country against all kinds of internal and external threats without any foreign involvement or assistance. Whenever we talk about pulling our troops from Afghanistan we start analyzing the situation by considering goals and targets of the war but then we realize the fact that the governmental institutions and the authorities have not clearly defined the goals of the war and we have noticed them to shift a little from time to time with regards to our mission in Afghanistan. Recently President Obama issued a statement in which he clearly established that our goal in Afghanistan ‘is to reverse the momentum of Taliban’ and he did not mention anything about Al Qaeda or its leaders. Considering President Obama’s statement as the goal of Afghanistan war and considering it a win, an analysis should be done whether we have achieved that win or not or whether it is possible to effectively achieve that win in the first place (Tystad). Considering the fact that some of the regions in Afghanistan including a large portion of Qandahar are being controlled by Taliban, we cannot consider our mission in Afghanistan a win and in fact completely eliminating the t hreat of Taliban in that region is also not possible because of a number of factors which are related to the government in Afghanistan and the security agencies in Pakistan. Some of the members in the current Afghani cabinet and some tribal chiefs have shown distrust towards the American forces and are not cooperating with them and have

Should assisted suicide be an option for patients who are terminally Essay

Should assisted suicide be an option for patients who are terminally ill, in pain and want assisted suicide in Canada - Essay Example There have been several proponents and opponents of the issue in nearly equal proportion. Many of the opponents argue that it is illegal and unethical to assist someone to take away his life (Snyder 2). In contrast, the proponents of assisted suicide believe that the act is a dignified way to die by ending pain and suffering of persons who are terminally ill and suffer from incurable diseases. While the major debate has been whether legalizing assisted suicide would end suffering and pain, it defies the morality and ethics of the society; thus, it should not be legalized. Besides, legalizing assisted suicide could lead to abuse as people would have their lives ended against their wishes. Finally, legalizing the act would imply or lead to putting a dollar value on human life since the high cost of long-term care for people who are terminally ill would outweigh their right to live. Background Information The practice of euthanasia is generally illegal in the country. Nevertheless, ther e have been debates (most recently in Quebec back in March 2012) on whether the government should legalize it or not, particularly after Dr. Jack Kevorkian in Michigan (Gorsuch 44). The current laws in Canada prohibit any physician from assisting a person’s suicide lest he faces prosecution for abetting the act. The debate on the issue of assisted suicide deepened after 1990 when a retired pathologist in Michigan, Dr. Jack Kevorkian, started to attend a number of suicide requests by patients on the verge of dying (Gorsuch 44). He advised patients who suffered from degenerative or terminal diseases on how to administer carbon monoxide and eventually die. This action elicited mixed reactions from the public as Kevorkian was subjected to prosecution where he would answer to charge of unlawfully assisting a person to commit suicide (Gorsuch 44). The Michigan courts dismissed the murder charges, and Kevorkian was ultimately acquitted in 1994 against expectations of prosecutors and Michigan legislators who were determined to ensure the doctor is convicted of murder. Apparently, a physician-assisted suicide (also known as Euthanasia) concerns people who experience pain and suffering due to terminal illness. Pro Argument #1 According to the scientific study on terminal diseases published in the American Journal of Psychiatry, a very small percentage of patients with such illnesses expressed the wish to terminate their lives. Precisely, only one individual out of four wished to die due to suffering and pain (Gorsuch 44). Incidentally, majority of the cases involved patients who had clinically diagnosable depression. The study proposes psychotherapeutic treatment for the terminally ill. It further reveals that the rate of assisted suicide lies between 2% and 4%, a clear suggestion that very few patients will voluntarily permit termination of their lives (Gorsuch 44). Thus, it proposes compassionate counseling alongside psychological and medical care to provide co nstructive and morally acceptable options to euthanasia. In the end, patients would naturally succumb to the terminal illnesses instead of the controversial assisted suicide. In the same way, scientific study reveals a small percentage of patients wishing to die by assisted suicide. In most Cases these patients were diagnosed with depression. Pro Argument #2 A patient

The second media age (communication course) Essay

The second media age (communication course) - Essay Example (Sullivan, 2009, Internet) The Internet has practically become an effective tool of building self-esteem among people who needed to have the attention that they think they deserve and be able to gain satisfaction from life, no matter how ordinary it was. The internet was able to present a whole new world of opportunities to individuals who are specifically concerned of how they are recognized by the world. How was it possible for the internet to provide this particular source of personal self-esteem through social sites such as youtube, multiply.com, Friendster, facebook and so on and so forth The discussion that follows herein shall give a proper presentation as to how the Internet has become a proper channel of inspiration and the host of modern technology's capability to make ordinary people's lives somewhat extraordinary and more fulfilling in many ways (Buzzard, p.206). To start with, a discussion on broadcasting and how it is applied in the field of internet procedures of showcasing the people's talents over the web shall be presented in the section that follows. Broadcasting is the ba... at simply aim to present someone's capabilities to the public in an aim to inform, to entertain or to simply present something to the viewing and listening public. Before, the word broadcasting has been noted to be used only by professional network operators around the world alone. It was not that easy for anyone to simply penetrate this kind of broadcasting. The basic idea is that, for someone to be able to present himself or herself in videos through television or even through audio tools such as the radio, that individual should be able to pass some personal criteria requirements for the network owners to agree to the showing or showcasing of the said individual's talents to be presented to the public. (Hills, 2001, p. 122) However, gone are the days when people used to fall in line just to be able to get one elusive spot on television and radio networks to be able to show who they are. Gone are the days when people who are less fortunate and have the lesser financial source to spend end up in their homes frustrated over having the chance to present themselves to the public. With the introduction of the internet to the human society, it could not be denied that these worries on the part of those who really want to share their talents to the world were eased. How Through the emergence of web broadcasting (Morris, 1996, p.43). This procedure of web hosting on the major social websites that are allowing people to connect to each other provides a wide storage system which is called "memory" through the use of the internet for those who aim to become members of the said sites. Likely this large memory storage is dedicated to photos, music or audio files as well as videos that the part-owners of the site, wh o are the users, might one to show or share with their network

Financing Greece and European Union Economy Article

Financing Greece and European Union Economy - Article Example Reports are that Greece wanted to ask the European Union for the write-off of a large part of its debt, something that the EU was difficult to swallow. This would mean the creditor nations to Greece essentially writing off a large part of its loans. It would solve the problem of the large debt of Greece crippling its ability to finance itself because of having to source funds to pay its loans, among other things. On the other hand, the write-off of the debt undermines the EU by sullying the balance sheet of the nations who had been lending money and providing the resources to try and make the Union work financially. In the integrated economy of the EU, every economy either boosts or drains the whole Union, and the problem of Greece, therefore, affects all countries in the EU. The problem is urgent too, owing to the way the problem of Greece, according to the US, likewise can have a long-term negative effect not just on the EU economy but on the American economy as well (Verlaine and O’Donnell 2015). The problem is that since Greece received aid in 2010 to shore up its economy and to bail it out essentially, the Greek economy has continued to flounder, so much so that since that time the economy has shrunk by 25 percent. Financing its debt, therefore, continues to cripple the already hurting economy, so the Greeks thought of asking the rest of the EU to condone its debt. That being rejected, the Greeks have turned around and asked for a refinancing of its loan essentially. That entails the conversion of its current loans, some of them, into bonds that the other member EU countries can purchase, and whose value is tied to the way the Greek economy performs. This move is the alternative to condoning the debt, and can potentially save Greece from going into default on its loans to the EU and the rest of the world.

Marketing Essay Example for Free

Marketing Essay Having read the chapters from Lovelock, Wirtz, Key Lu (2005) and Masterson Pickton (2010), what did you find most interesting about services marketing and why? Answer:In this chapter, the most interesting about services marketing is the growth of the service economy. In numerous countries, increased productivity and automation in agriculture and industry, combined with growing demand for both new and traditional services, have jointly resulted in a continuing increase over time in the percentage of the labor force that is employed in service. In recent years, the development of technology, especially IT and telecommunication, has became more crucial in services. The opening up of the service economy means that there will be greater competition. In turn, more competition will stimula innovation, not least through the application of new and improved technologies. Having read the chapters from Lovelock, Wirtz, Key Lu (2005) and Masterson Pickton (2010), what concepts or ideas relating to services marketing did you find most difficult to understand and why? Answer: In my opinion, the most difficult to understand concept is â€Å"People are often part of the product†. The difference between ones service and another often lies in the quality of employees who serve the customers. Service firms need to devote special care to selecting , training,and motivating those employees who will be serving customers directing. At the same time, firms have to manage and shape customer behavior, as the type of customers who patronize a particular service business can shape the nature of the service experience. I think it only proof that the people is very important in doing service. Why people are part of product? It make me confused. Having read the chapters from Lovelock, Wirtz, Key Lu (2005) and Masterson Pickton (2010) outline four generic differences between good and services. How do these differences impact on the marketing of service products? Answer: there are 4 generic differences between good ans services. First, goos are tangible while services are intangible. As a result, services can not be inventoried, easily patented and readily displayed or communicated. In addition, pricing is more difficult. Second, goods are standardized while services are heterogeneous. So service delivery and customer satisfaction depend on employees and customer actions. Service quality depend on many uncontrollable factors. Third, for goods, production separate from consumption, but for services, simultaneous production and consumption. As a result, people participated in will affect each other. Fourth, goods are nonperishable while services are perishable. So it is difficult to synchronize supply and demand with services. And services can not be returned or resold. Having read chapter fourteen of the prescribed text Armstrong et al (2012) what did you find most interesting about socially and ethically responsible marketing and why? Answer:The most interesting about socially and ethically responsible marketing is the marketing’s impact on society as a whole. There are several impacts, such as false wants and too much materialism, too few social goods, cultural pollution. For false wants and too much materialism, critics have charged that the marketing system urges too much interest in material possessions, and that the Western world’s love affair with worldly possessions is not sustainable. People often are judged by what they own,rather than by who they are. The critics do not view this interest in material things as a natural state of mind, but rather as a matter of false wants created by marketing. Marketers stimulate people’s desire for goods and create materialistic models of the good life. Having read chapter fourteen of the prescribed text Armstrong et al (2012) what concepts or ideas relating to did you find most and why? Answer: the most difficult to understand relating to socially and ethically responsible marketing is that critics charge the marketing system with creating cultural pollution. Commercials interrupt serious programs; pages of ads obscure magazines; billboards mar beautiful scenery; spam fills our inboxes. However, why say these interruptions continually pollute people’s minds with messages of materialism, sex,power or status. Most ads have its culture of products or companies, and some of them can bring a good culture value about consumption to people. In addition, advertisers are making their ads more entraining and informative. Outline and discuss four social criticisms of marketing. How would adopting a societal marketing orientation help to overcome these criticisms? Answer: the societal marketing orientation is the idea that the organisation should determine the needs, wants and interests of target markets and deliver the desired satisfaction more effectively and efficiently than competitors, and in a way that maintains or improves society’s wellbeing. Sustainable marketing calls for products that are not only pleasing but also beneficial. Products can be classified according to their degree of immediate consumer satisfaction and long ran consumer benefits. Marketers should take the whole society into account when they doing marketing. Deficient products have neither immediate appeal nor long-run benefits. Pleasing products give high immediate satisfaction but may hurt consumers in the long run. What the society wants is desirable products, which give both high immediate satisfaction and high long-run benefits. Concentrating more on social interests can help to overcome these criticisms. Based on your own experiences, what are the advantages for marketers in using social media as part of their marketing communications strategies? Answer: there are several advantages for using social media marketing. First, it is much cheaper. Traditional advertising methods can be costly for businesses while Its free for businesses to sign up for popular social media networks, so its an affordable way to promote products and services, while building relationships with customers. Second, instant. With social media, you can announce a sale or special event as soon you finalize plans. Social media gives business owners the ability to share information, such as blog posts, tips and ideas and coupons instantly. third, interact. People can interact with consumers directly through social media, and social media marketing enables people to provide them with assistance on-the-spot. Social media networks also gives people a chance to interact with other entrepreneurs and leaders in their industries. Fourth, using social media marketing can get a huge database of ideas. On the social sites, there are many looking for answers to their problems. People are looking for solutions and one of the places they are looking is in social media where they might be following one of their teachers such as a blogger or mentor. Based on your own experience, what are the disadvantages or risks for marketers in using social media as part of their marketing commuications strategy? Answer: there are several disadvantages of using social media marketing. First, the wrong online brand strategy could put people at a viral social disadvantage and may even damage people reputation, i. e, when person makes a mistake offline, a few will know but when he make a mistake in front of hundreds or thousands of his online audience, most of them will know. Second, in order to get social media’s full effect, you need to understand how it works, when and how to use it and which channels to focus on depending on your end goal of using social media. Third, social media can have a negative influence on worker productivity. Employees may waste valuable time using social media channels such as Facebook and Twitter. They can also use social media to attack the company’s reputation. Fourth, when social media is used excessively or in the wrong way, it could have serious detrimental outcomes on both mental and even physical health of individuals. In addition, social media may open possibility for hackers to commit illegal crime such as fraud, spam and virus attacks. People falling prey to online scam may also increase, resulting in data or identity theft.

Economics Review Essay Example for Free

Economics Review Essay 1. Describe some of the trade-offs faced by each of the following: 1. a family deciding whether to buy a new car 2. a member of Congress deciding how much to spend on national parks 3. a company president deciding whether to open a new factory 4. a professor deciding how much to prepare for class 5. a recent college graduate deciding whether to go to graduate school 2. You are trying to decide whether to take a vacation. Most of the costs of the vacation (airfare, hotel, and forgone wages) are measured in dollars, but the benefits of the vacation are psychological. How can you compare the benefits to the costs? 3. You were planning to spend Saturday working at your part-time job, but a friend asks you to go skiing. What is the true cost of going skiing? Now suppose you had been planning to spend the day studying at the library. What is the cost of going skiing in this case? Explain. 4. You win $100 in a basketball pool. You have a choice between spending the money now or putting it away for a year in a bank account that pays 5 percent interest. What is the opportunity cost of spending the $100 now? 5. The company that you manage has invested $5 million in developing a new product, but the development is not quite finished. At a recent meeting, your salespeople report that the introduction of competing products has reduced the expected sales of your new product to $3 million. If it would cost $1 million to finish development and make the product, should you go ahead and do so? What is the most that you should pay to complete development? 6. The Social Security system provides income for people over age 65. If a recipient of Social Security decides to work and earn some income, the amount he or she receives in Social Security benefits is typically reduce 6. How does the provision of Social Security affect peoples incentive to save while working? 7. How does the reduction in benefits associated with higher earnings affect peoples incentive to work past age 65? 7. A 1996 bill reforming the federal governments antipoverty programs limited many welfare recipients to only two years of benefits. 8. How does this change affect the incentives for working? 9. How might this change represent a trade-off between equality and efficiency? 8. Your roommate is a better cook than you are, but you can clean more quickly than your roommate can. If your roommate did all the cooking and you did all the cleaning, would your chores take you more or less time than if you divided each task evenly? Give a similar example of how specialization and trade can make two countries both better off. 9. Explain whether each of the following government activities is motivated by a concern about equality or a concern about efficiency. In the case of efficiency, discuss the type of market failure involve 10. regulating cable TV prices 11. providing some poor people with vouchers that can be used to buy food 12. prohibiting smoking in public places 13. breaking up Standard Oil (which once owned 90 percent of all oil refineries) into several smaller companies 14. imposing higher personal income tax rates on people with higher incomes 15. instituting laws against driving while intoxicated 10. Discuss each of the following statements from the standpoints of equality and efficiency. 16. Everyone in society should be guaranteed the best healthcare possible. 17. When workers are laid off, they should be able to collect unemployment benefits until they find a new job. 11. In what ways is your standard of living different from that of your parents or grandparents when they were your age? Why have these changes occurred? 12. Suppose Americans decide to save more of their incomes. If banks lend this extra saving to businesses, which use the funds to build new factories, how might this lead to faster growth in productivity? W ho do you suppose benefits from the higher productivity? Is society getting a free lunch? 13. In 2010, President Barack Obama and Congress enacted a healthcare reform bill in the United States. Two goals of the bill were to provide more Americans with health insurance (via subsidies for lower-income households financed by taxes on higher-income households) and to reduce the cost of healthcare (via various reforms in how healthcare is provided). 18. How do these goals relate to equality and efficiency? 19. How might healthcare reform increase productivity in the United States? 2 0. How might healthcare reform decrease productivity in the United States? 14. During the Revolutionary War, the American colonies could not raise enough tax revenue to fully fund the war effort; to make up this difference, the colonies decided to print more money. Printing money to cover expenditures is sometimes referred to as an inflation tax. Who do you think is being taxed when more money is printed? Why? 15. Imagine that you are a policymaker trying to decide whether to reduce the rate of inflation. To make an intelligent decision, what would you need to know about inflation, unemployment, and the trade-off between them? 16. A policymaker is deciding how to finance the construction of a new airport. He can either pay for it by increasing citizens taxes or by printing more money. What are some of the short-run and long-run consequences of each option? Chapter 2 1. Draw a circular-flow diagram. Identify the parts of the model that correspond to the flow of goods and services and the flow of dollars for each of the following activities. 1. Selena pays a storekeeper $1 for a quart of milk. 2. Stuart earns $4.50 per hour working at a fastfood restaurant. 3. Shanna spends $30 to get a haircut. 4. Sally earns $10,000 from her 10 percent ownership of Acme Industrial. 2. Imagine a society that produces military goods and consumer goods, which well call guns and butter. 5. Draw a production possibilities frontier for guns and butter. Using the concept of opportunity cost, explain why it most likely has a bowed-out shape. 6. Show a point that is impossible for the economy to achieve. Show a point that is feasible but inefficient. 7. Imagine that the society has two political parties, called the Hawks (who want a strong military) and the Doves (who want a smaller military). Show a point on your production possibilities frontier that the Hawks might choose and a point the Doves might choose. 8. Imagine that an aggressive neighboring country reduces the size of its military. As a result, both the Hawks and the Doves reduce their desired production of guns by the same amount. Which party would get the bigger peace dividend, measured by the increase in butter production? Explain. 3. The first principle of economics discussed in Chapter 1 is that people face trade-offs. Use a production possibilities frontier to illustrate societys trade-off between two goods—a clean environment and the quantity of industrial output. What do you suppose determines the shape and position of the frontier? Show what happens to the frontier if engineers develop a new way of producing electricity that emits fewer pollutants. 4. An economy consists of three workers: Larry, Moe, and Curly. Each works ten hours a day and can produce two services: mowing lawns and washing cars. In an hour, Larry can either mow one lawn or wash one car; Moe can either mow one lawn or wash two cars; and Curly can either mow two lawns or wash one car. 9. Calculate how much of each service is produced under the following circumstances, which we label A, B, C, and D: * †¢ All three spend all their time mowing lawns. (A) * †¢ All three spend all their time washing cars. (B) * †¢ All three spend half their time on each activity. (C) * †¢ Larry spends half his time on each activity, while Moe only washes cars and Curly only mows lawns. (D) 10. Graph the production possibilities frontier for this economy. Using your answers to part (a), identify points A, B, C, and D on your graph. 11. Explain why the production possibilities frontier has the shape it does. 12. Are any of the allocations calculated in part (a) inefficient? Explain. 5. Classify the following topics as relating to microeconomics or macroeconomics. 13. a familys decision about how much income to save 14. the effect of government regulations on auto emissions 15. the impact of higher national saving on economic growth 16. a firms decision about how many workers to hire 17. the relationship between the inflation rate and changes in the quantity of money 6. Classify each of the following statements as positive or normative. Explain. 18. Society faces a short-run trade-off between inflation and unemployment. 19. A reduction in the rate of money growth will reduce the rate of inflation. 20. The Federal Reserve should reduce the rate of money growth. 21. Society ought to require welfare recipients to look for jobs. 22. Lower tax rates encourage more work and more saving. 7. If you were president, would you be more interested in your economic advisers positive views or their normative views? Why?

Tourism As An Industry Tourism Essay

Tourism As An Industry Tourism Essay According to Tucker and Sundberg 1988 cited Loannides and Debbage 1998 Tourism is not an industry in conventional senses as it does not have a single production process, homogenous product or a locationally confined market. Tourism might be considered as partially industrialized as it serves its visitors. He also states that it is a mix of industries which provides services in varied forms Leiper (1990 cited Loannides and Debbage 1998). Smith (1998 in Loannides and Debbage 1998) viewed tourism as a composition of businesses which facilitates business, pleasure and leisure activities by providing goods and services, and may be considered as an industry. According to Thomas Lea Davidson (1998 in Theobald 1998) defining tourism as an industry is incorrect. He states that it is a socio-economic phenomenon which assists economic and social progress and a sector which influence a wide range of industries. In his view designating tourism as an industry may be for many reasons like to gain respect, need for a sound framework, analyze and publish data or need for some to gain self identity. There have been long standing debates on whether tourism is an industry or not. The size and structure of the tourism industry made up of highly fragmented and diverse components. The tourism industry is composed of different components such as tour operators, travel agents, accommodation providers, carriers, tourism associations, destination organizations and consultancies (Mowforth and Munt 1998). As stated by Bhatia (2006) it is a collection of various industries with varied scope of operation mainly targeting revenue generated from tourism. Careful planning and implementation is necessary for economic development of any country. In the tourism sector the need for planned development is of great importance. It involves many industries working together in a complex way and needs special attention. Planning basically tries to allot limited resources between various competitors with a view to maximize output, income and employment and to make sure different sectors have fair growth. Tourism planning is a process through which the set goals can be achieved and the various choices linked to tourism development can be addressed. It is a long term and constant process of preparing, upgrading and improving a destination for tourist. Communities are the basic elements of tourism. It mainly depends upon the level of acceptance shown by local communities. In the process of planning their involvement is essential (Khan 2005). Role of Government in Tourism Planning: As stated by Hall (2008) the involvement of Government in tourism planning is very essential. The Government and private sectors play a very compelling role in the planning of tourism (Cruz 2005). It facilitates by providing Infrastructure, educational requirements, launch of regulatory surroundings for operation of businesses and participates in promotion and marketing of tourism products. Strategic Tourism Planning: The need for strategic tourism planning arises to handle crises at tourism destinations (Kerr 2003). The essential steps for strategic tourism planning are Setting objectives Explore of tourism development factors Drawing conclusions about an destinations potential Bringing new ideas for tourism development Making recommendations for destination development (Gunn 1988) Issues and Constraints for Planning: Cruz (2005) outlined some barriers for planning Small enterprises view tourism planning as an intrusion into their field and doubt about its value. It is considered to be expensive as analysis and market research is required. The complex and diverse structure of the industry. It is differentiated large and small enterprises. The tourism planners should plan strategically keeping the barriers for planning in consideration along with the short term impacts along with the long term impacts on the destination (Gunn 1988). Tourism Impacts: The development of tourism creates impact on mainly environment, socio-culture and economy of the host community at any destination. These impacts produce both negative as well as positive impact. Planning is necessary to reduce the negative impact and boost the positive impact for sustainable development of a destination. Economic: The domestic economies are supported by tourism and are considered to be a means of trade. The economic impact can be assessed at three different levels- the direct, indirect and induced. Direct impact is the value of tourist expenditure after deducting the imports which was necessary for providing the service. The firms that directly receive the tourist expenditure spent on other sectors like water, electricity etc to provide the services. The generation of the economic activity through these frequent rounds of expenditure is called as the indirect impact. The money which is re-spent in the economy by the community which was gained through the tourism in the form of salary, wages etc is called as induced impact. The positive economic impact of tourism is accessed by considering all three levels of impacts. (Cooper et al. 2008). Tourism also creates negative economic impact like employment due to seasonality (Youell 1998). Environmental: According to Mathieson and Wall (1982 cited Hall 2003) the tourism industry is environment dependent. There is little scope for tourism to flourish if a destination is not environmentally attractive. The positive impact of tourism on environment includes, preservation of ancient monuments, sites and historic buildings; creation of national parks and wild life sanctuaries; safeguarding of reefs and beaches and maintenance of forests (Cooper et al. 2008). The negative impacts are waste disposal, water pollution, deforestation etc (Youell 1998). Socio-cultural: According to Hall (2003) the way in which tourism brings changes in the value system, behaviour, lifestyle and quality of life of the local community can be termed as Socio-cultural impacts. The major positive impact of tourism on society includes creation of employment, revival of poor and non-industrialized areas along with revitalization of local arts and crafts. Tourism creates negative impacts like prostitution, crime, lose of tradition etc. In areas where tourism is the major employer, traditional activities like farming may deteriorate. It may also pave way for demonstration effect where host communities try to imitate the life style of visitors. The host communities have to adjust their routine according to the seasonality of tourism which might create disturbance in the host community (Mason 2008). Planning to mitigate the impacts: Tourism generally brings positive impacts on host communities but also carries some negative impacts (cooper et al. 2008). The concept of planning is very vital to yield high-quality benefits out of tourism. English (1986 cited Gunn 1988) gives a series of ideas to minimize the negative impacts and enhance positive ones. Measures can be taken to assist local ownership and control foreign tourism services and facilities. He states that encouraging indigenous design and absorption of local transportation, tour companies, accommodation and food services can increase attraction to tourists and can lower dependency on outsiders. The government needs to promote small and medium size businesses so that the leakage from local economy can be sealed. This in turn will ensure local participation in tourism development (Equations 2008). According to Youell (1998) both public and private sector should work together to develop sustainable tourism. Environment is the base of tourism and has to be p rotected. The importance of sustainable tourism is growing among tourists. Thus proper planning is necessary for achieving sustainable tourism (Edgell et al. 2008). The public sector should plan and implement policies to maximize the use of renewable source of energy; waste water treatment; infrastructural development and use of cleaner technology which reduces pollution (WTO). Proper legal planning and maintaining control over society would reduce crime and other harmful social activities. Educating and giving awareness to local community about tourism will enhance positive impacts and reduce negative ones (Hall 2003). Advantages of tourism can be obtained only by planning, viewing the future and dealing with anticipated consequences. These points should be carefully studied with respect to the local environment as it can affect the quality of the tourism product and may also no longer satisfy the targeted audience (English 1986 cited Gunn 1988). Conclusion: The structure of the tourism industry is very complex with different sectors such as accommodation, travel, attractions and support services working together to create the final product. Due to this fragmented composition it is very important to have planning for sustainable development. In traditional sense it cannot be called as an industry but can be termed as a collection of small and medium size businesses. For the long lasting and future of these businesses sustainable development is necessary. The essay underlines the importance of planning in tourism industry as well as the limitations to planning due to various external factors. Tourism can be considered as a very diverse and complex form of industry which has impacts on the community. It carries long lasting economic, socio-cultural and environmental impacts. Both positive and negative impacts are induced in a destination through tourism. Strategic tourism planning can mitigate some of the negative impacts but some have to be accepted as the beneficiaries part of tourism development. Strategic planning is very critical as it tries to manage crises. It attempts to enhance the positive impacts and reduce the negative impacts. The report emphasizes the importance of planning by giving approaches for sustainable tourism.

Stream of Consciousness in Faulkner’s Absolam, Absolam! :: Faulkner’s Absalom, Absalom! Essays

Stream of Consciousness in Faulkner’s Absolam, Absolam! While I was reading Absolam, Absolam! I was reminded once again of Faulkner’s particular writing style of stream of consciousness. The book itself is laid out very confusing having multiple narrators depicting incidents of the past, a recurrent theme of Faulkner’s identifying man’s connection to his past. The first narrator of Absolam, Absolam is Rosa, the sister in law of Thomas Sutpen. She describes Sutpen with so much hatred that he almost takes form of a monster, which is incapable of feelings. Interestingly, Rosa is telling her story to Quentin Compson, the second narrator from The Sound and the Fury, who later as we know commits suicide. At the end of the first chapter, I was left with many pieces of what seem to be the tragic story of Thomas Sutpen, a man who mysteriously shows up in Jefferson, Mississippi buys one hundred acres of land and turns it into a plantation. We also know that he becomes married to Ellen who is twenty-four years older than her you nger sister Rosa. The final image of Sutpen given by Rosa is that some black man kills him on his plantation. Rosa also asks Quentin to come with her to the old Sutpen mansion, because she thinks someone is hiding out there. Continuing with his stream of consciousness technique, Faulkner has Mr. Compson tell the next few chapters through his memories of Thomas Sutpen. Sutpen was in the Cival War with General Compson, and as the stories have been passed down to Mr. Compson, he is passing the story now to Quentin. In Mr. Copsons version, I learned of Sutpens marriage disaster, his immediate family,his illegitimate child with a slave, and a previous marriage to a woman who was 1/8 black, who bears Sutpen a son, which is his dream, but also his downfall. He also explains, how Charles Bon, Sutpen’s abandoned 1/8 negro child comes home with Henry Sutpen from college. Later he is killed by Henry, which is not fully explained yet. I think, that there may be a connection between Sutpen’s hatred of non-whites, and the effects they have on his son, Henry.

Excellent Websites to Assist You in Buying a New Car Essay -- Sell Web

Excellent Websites to Assist You in Buying a New Car By overcoming any fear about buying a car online, consumers can get that dream car for a great price, safely and securely - possibly even for a better price than offline. Are you in the market for a new or used car? Would you like to get some advice on safety ratings for certain cars, fuel efficiency, or trade- in value? If so, the fueleconomy.gov/feg/ and Carsdirect.com could have the answers to all of your vehicle- related questions and more. These sites are smoe of the best automotive websites in the cyber world. They allow a buyer to find a vehicle, conduct research, make a purchase, obtain financing, and buy insurance, all from the comfort of your own home. If you are engrossed in finding out which new vehicles are equipped with alternative fuel technology for sure fueleconomy.gov/feg/ is the site for you. There is tons of information here including a full list of new Alternative Fuel Vehicles(AFV’s), a glossary of Alternative Fuel Vehicle terms, Alternative Fuel Vehicle photos and videos , success stories and all case studies about AFV’s. The site is very extensive and there are links to other excellent sites, such as the Office of Transportation Technologies. Navigation is easy and there is plenty of material here to help you understand that the premium you pay for an AFV can be recovered in cheaper operating costs, improved efficiency and reduced environmental impact. It is such a great site . By far my beloved part is the Find and Compare Cars section of the website. There you can see how cars rate in terms of annual fuel costs, greenhouse gas emissions, MPG (and even switch to metric units) and the overall air pollution score. You can search out a ca... ... in your area, it will check into its national network of dealers until it finds the one you want, then swap the car with another vehicle at a local dealer located near your place. The vehicle will be shipped directly to you, if necessary. Carsdirect.com misses a couple of services and features that some other sites possess. For instance, there is no option to buy used cars or to get information on used cars in general . It lacks some features like information on local gas prices and traffic conditions, like some of the other car sites offer. But with Carsdirect.com you get a great service and a no- haggle price , just like the name implies. If you are in the market for a new car, you may want to look at this site. You have nothing to lose, so why not give it a shot? You may find your dream car. References: www.carsdirect.com www.Fueleconomy.gov/feg/

A good day turned bad – creative writing

Swimming was always an exciting sport for me, it made me feel alive and athletic. However, this finest sport became a mark that would be on me for the rest of my life. Burbury Park was the place, me and my friends decided to go park because there was a football tournament that we had all been waiting for, this was our chance, a chance to get to the final. The weather was absolutely smashing, it couldn't get better. The sun beat down on us and we couldn't have felt a more positive vibe. The birds were singing and the trees moved to the calm wind that was keeping us cool. We were getting ready, doing our warm ups and having a team talk on how we are best team. The match had gone underway, after a nervy few minutes, the score was level, ‘nine-nine' and the atmosphere had already set in; the situation was that the next team to score would advance into the finals of the ‘Birmingham cup'. I dived towards the ball to make a critical save which kept us in a dominant position; thereafter my team had capitalized on what I had done for them. I shouted â€Å"COME ON LADS! Pass and move† and little did I know, they were doing what I had asked of them. I had to be harsh; this will improve them, â€Å"Hey! Markus! What the hell do you think you're doing, shooting from that range, do you think you're Ronaldo?† we were under vast amount of pressure, and the supporters made us know it with their screaming and supportive shouting, knowing that the next goal will be the decider. Markus was by far one of the best players in my team and I knew no-one at the age of fifteen could shoot that far out. The opposition were closing in towards our half of the pitch, and I was becoming more and more anxious with every second that passed by. I had a quick glance towards the clock and to my horror, there was only sixty seconds left, and as the role of captain, I had a duty, and that was to control my team and motivate them to win. I knew that the lads would not survive extra time as the looks on their faces told me they were exhausted and tired. To my surprise I had noticed Aquil (the weakest player in our squad) running towards the box, and then I had seen an opportunity. At that point, Abbas had possession of the ball. I knew that this maybe the last chance, we had to take advantage and maybe even score. Abbas successfully crossed the ball to Aquil, he had finally heard my commands which resulted in the fine cross. The cross was neatly passed to Aquil, it had looked like he was definitely going to score the winner. All the supports were chanting his name, in hope that he was going to score, it was one on one with the keeper, but unfortunately he had slipped. A depressed moan came from our supporters. However out of nowhere, Hussein been waiting for the rebound and had smashed the ball in the bottom of the net. I breathed a huge sigh of relief and the crowds chanted our names, I finally knew what it is like to be a professional football player. We were all tired after that fantastic win allowing us to celebrate like packs of wild animals. I owed it to all my players for all their hard work. Going to the finals of the ‘Birmingham cup' was the greatest achievement ever in our lives! ‘Knackered' was not even the word to describe how tired we were. Sweat was running down our faces onto the cold floor as though it were a waterfall. Tired, half of our team had decided to go back to their warm homes for a cup of tea and a bath, while the rest of us decided to go swimming at our local swimming centre, in Newtown. Me, Aquil, Abbas and Hussein were walking towards the swimming centre. We were all feeling excited about our upcoming match against Aston Villa Youth team in the final. We had just beaten West Bromwich Youth team making us better than them. I had decided that I was going to treat the lads for their hard work after swimming. Me, more than anyone else wanted to step inside the swimming pool and calmly cool down and rest. We were on the way to the swimming pool, we were on the main road and Newtown Swimming Centre could be seen not too far in the distance. On the way towards the Swimming Centre we had seen a park leading us straight to the Swimming Centre. â€Å"C'mon lets take the left and go through the park, it looks much easier.† I said, not knowing what was going to happen next. We had been through the park, ‘Yellow Park', many times before and we had thought it would be the safest and quickest way. We walked pass the main play area and it had seemed empty. Swings left swinging by the wind, and slides left for children to play on. I started to feel agitated and began thinking to myself why there wasn't anyone around. Goosebumps started appearing on my skin as an ice cold shiver rattled through my spine. But there was no turning back now as we had already walked past most of the park. We were at the end of the park and it was just one dark long alleyway. I began wondering even more and started thinking to myself about how corrupted this area had recently become. Newtown is not how it used to be back in the days but is becoming more and more violent and even more crimes are occurring by the minute. We were halfway down the alleyway and I could smell freedom just around fifty yards away. â€Å"Oi! Come here now!† a cold deep voice shouted at us from down the alley. I automatically looked up and to my horror and I saw two dark men. Both were hiding their identity with masks and caps, we knew they were criminals. I felt nervous and scared, thoughts began running through my mind as I thought of an escape plan. Who are these people and what do they want? What are they going to do to us? Why are they calling us? I was able to identify their ethnicity and they were both black. From then on I knew something bad was going to occur. Aquil was standing next to me. On the other hand as I turned around I was shocked to see the rest of my mates making a run for it. All these signs meant that these people were not good and I knew that the next few minutes were going to be some of the worst in my life. I didn't clock on, I was never in this situation before. Froze by fear, I stood still as I saw the men walk towards us, â€Å"Yo, what ends you from?!† they said, not bothering to wait for an answer. I knew if I hadn't responded fast, I wouldn't make it out uninjured. I answered â€Å"Lozells†. There was no reply from these men as they looked down on us. I began to get anxious. I knew that I had a huge sum of money in my wallet and thoughts began creeping into my mind, as I saw the second man reach into his pocket, that these people wanted our money. The first of the two men had started coming closer and closer and as he approached us, he put his arms around the both of us. From that moment my suspicion had been answered because he had said the following words to me. â€Å"I need some money man!† I kept quite. The other black man that was with him had taken my friend, Aquil into a corner of the alley in which I couldn't communicate to him. I had to say something to the person who was talking to me otherwise I would have to face the consequences. I was in a dilemma. I said without thinking â€Å"I have five pounds†. Of course I was lying. â€Å"Good, good, now hand over the flipping money or I will knock the hell out of you.† he said with a harsh tone as he raised a fist to my face, he was swearing too. I was thinking of a way to take out my money without him realising that I had more. Too my stupidity, I took too long and the man had thrown a strong punch at me on my chin. â€Å"ARGH† I shouted in pain as I fell to the floor on my knees. Aquil quickly looked over but really couldn't help me because he was getting robbed by the other mugger. Another punch fell my way but this time on the back of my head, I swore in pain and anger. I looked up and saw that I had no choice but to hand over all my money a huge sum of money. It was sixty pounds. The mugger helped himself and searched me and ran off with my wallet. So did the other mugger. I felt weak. I felt helpless. I was injured. I was bleeding from my mouth and from the back of my head. It had also looked like the other mugger had finished with Aquil. Me and Aquil laid there for a couple of minutes before a couple of members of the public helped us up. I was shaking as I walked back towards my home. I met up with my friends, and they were in shock, they were wondering what they could have done to help me and Aquil. I had told my parents everything that had occurred and of course my parents had phoned the police. It was useless and there was no point as the muggers were long gone†¦ I just thought to myself how a superb day just became worse.

Gender Role

Darla Anne Nocom Prof. CortezEng 1AApril 7, 2018Why gender equality ruining everyone's happiness?The â€Å"Is equality ruining your marriage?† by Suzanne Venker is a news article how the traditional gender roles still exist in our society today and how it ruins the freedom of everyone to do each other's roles. Venker used the new research of University of Illinois to back up her article. Reading this article can open our mind to see what is the effect to everyone or marriage couple to be exact if they oppose the traditional gender roles. It's interesting to see how gender equality can ruin a happy marriage couple life and how mental health can take over this. I am here to take closer of the rhetorical devices the author used and how the devices took a certain effect on the audience. Also, to explain how each device links to what the author is trying to achieve. The author's effect is to change the traditional gender roles and the rhetorical devices that were used to support it were Ethos, Logos, and Pathos. The first device that supports the article is ethos. The researchers in University of Illinois examined men and women to do this research and support their argument on how marriage couples are less blissful if they struggle on traditional gender roles. The research they did suggested, â€Å"When females were the main breadwinner in the family, they reported more symptoms of depression; but men's psychological well-being was highest when they were the primary wage earners† (Venker). This is to say that our human nature hasn't change much about gender equality issue. We still have the belief that men can only support the family and should have a higher wage than women. Gender roles should not have a damaging impact to everyone because this is a start for gender equality. Earning a higher salary for men is very important and there is no surprise there but giving women a chance to help is a good way for family to have a content life. Men working while women stay at home has been part of our â€Å"culture† and it can't change just because society changed. It will take time but giving it a change can't harm anyone because our generation is way different than before and many people are more open now than before. Even now, guys' weakness is when girls are a lot more up in the game when it comes to any field and to anything men do. The author's influenced for this effect is that it is time for us to experiment in gender roles because many single parent can be a mom and dad at the same time while for marriage couple, it is still unusual for their role to change. Seeing everyone in this nature for generation has been stuck to us and hard to adjust if we want gender equality in and out of our homes. What important is for everyone to open up and try to change this nature and gain self-confident in each other. Doing what you want to do in life can gain as a self-worth and can make us feel worthy in life. Putting our emotion to something occasionally can be bad and good sometimes because emotion is a feel that we can't control from time to time. The pathos for this is, â€Å"Americans are forever being told that â€Å"gender equality†- which is no longer defined as equal opportunity but as male and female interchangeability- is the only road to a happy life† (Venker).

How does the mass media reinforce sterotypes? Essay

Stereotyping is a mental activity that is neither natural or necessary; however, due to laziness, upbringing or coincidental experiences (Lester, 1996, p.1), the stereotyping of individuals results in harmful generalisations that ultimately deny an individual’s ‘unique contribution to humanity’ (Lester, 1996, p.1). When the mass media engage in stereotyping, misleading representations concerning members from diverse cultural groups are confirmed. In this essay, a broad range of texts will be used to examine the ways in which the mass media construct and reinforce social stereotypes around gender, ethnicity and age, as well as how the media shape one’s imagination though direct images. It cannot be doubted that the media profoundly influence people’s attitudes and outlooks. They convey a whole variety of information which individuals would not otherwise acquire. Newspapers, books, television, radio, films, recorded music and popular magazines (Giddens, 1989, p.79) bring individuals into close contact with experiences of which we ‘would otherwise have little awareness’ (Giddens, 1989, p. 79). There are very few societies, in current times, even among the more traditional cultures, which remain completely untouched by the mass media. Electronic communication is accessible even to those who are completely illiterate, or in isolated areas of the world. According to Juredini and Poole, gender usually refers to the ‘behavioural and attitudinal characteristics’ as well as roles that are learned and derived from a ‘particular cultural milieu’ (2000, p.171). An important source of gender information in a consumer society is television. Despite some notable exceptions, for example ‘Sesame Street’, most television shows continue to portray males and females in stereotypical gender roles (Sigorelli, 1990, citied in Newman, 2000, p. 136). In a recent study of television programs, male characters are more likely than female characters to occupy leadership roles and achieve them, as well as being portrayed as inquisitive. In addition, they are more likely to be portrayed in a recognisable  occupation, demonstrating to audiences that males are more career orientated and dedicated to work, and emphasising stereotypes that they are the traditional ‘bread winners’ of the household. Alternatively, females are cast into the role of the caregiver (Thompson and Zerbinos, 1995, cited in Newman, 2000, p. 136). Despite the fact that women make up a majority of the population, most prime time characters on  television are male (Smith, 1997, cited in Newman, 2000, p. 136), and are still portrayed as powerful and rational. Women express emotions more easily and are more likely to be flirtatious in order to get their own way. Similarly, in print advertising, women were seen to be in the home, being dependent upon men, and not making ‘independent and important decisions’ (Creedon, 1989, p. 249), and are often viewed by themselves and by others as sex objects. In addition, the symbols involved in advertising often have a more profound influence on social behaviour than the stated messages the advertising wishes to put forward. Thus, gender divisions are often symbolised in ‘what goes on in the setting or the background of a commercial’  (Giddens, 1989, p. 446), rather than what it is explicitly selling. In many advertisements, men appear mentally and physically alert, while women are shown gazing into the distance in a dreamy way (Goffman, 1979, cited in Giddens, 1989, p.446). A central gender concern is that advertising is a ‘shorthand form of communication’ (Creedon, 1989, p. 249) that must make contact with the consumer immediately, in order to establish a shared experience or identification, and is most popularly undertaken through stereotypical imagery. In turn, these images form the ‘cores of [one’s] personal tradition, the defenses of [one’s] position in society’ (Creedon, 1989, p. 249), thus reinforcing the social stereotype. Children also receive gender lessons. Understandably, most research about the  influence of television and the media has concerned children, given the sheer volume of their viewing and the ‘possible implications for socialisation’ (Giddens, 1989, p. 444). In their literary pursuits, books have the capabilities to teach children what other children do in their culture and what is expected of them. In a study undertaken in America analysing preschool books, boys played a ‘more significant role’ in the stories by a ‘ratio of 11 to 1’ (cited in Newman, 2000, p. 135). Together, boys were portrayed in adventurous roles or undertook activities that required independence and strength, whereas girls were likely to be confined to indoor activities and portrayed as ‘passive and dependent’ (Newman, 2000, p.135). Similarly, the mass media construct and reinforce social stereotypes around ethnicity, particularly through their stereotypical images and portrayal of ethnic groups performing certain roles in society. Sociological approaches which attach particular importance to racism emphasise the limitations imposed on ethnic minorities by such hostility and discrimination (Haralambos and Holborn, 1995, p.688). The attention is  not placed upon the ethnic minority itself, however on the wider society which is the minority group. Negative stereotypes of African Americans in particular have been deeply ingrained in Anglo American cultures since Africans were brought into the country in chains (Lester, 1996, p. 21). The stereotypes served an essential purpose – they justified Anglo enslavement of Africans. Today however, the Anglos in America have been influenced by media images frequently seen on television and in newspapers of  African Americans who are ‘violent, criminal, drug-addicted and on welfare’ (Lester, 1996, p. 21). As in Australia, Aborigines have been given similar treatment, however they have ‘expressed deep concern’ (Ericksen, 1996, p. 45) about the way they have been represented in the Australian media. Through this, there has been considerably more Aboriginal presence in prime time television, particularly with programs outlining Aboriginal issues such  as ‘Black Out.’ Despite such advancements, regular direct and indirect means of associating Aboriginal persons with criminality, irrational destructiveness and disorder frequently occurs in today’s media. Through words such as ‘riot’ (Ericksen, 1996, p. 46) in Aboriginal headlines and disturbing footage on television, audiences are influenced into constructing ethnic stereotypes of all  persons belonging to that culture or group. Corresponding with gender and ethnicity, the media construct and reinforce social stereotypes around age. According to Golman (cited in Lester, 1996, p.113), all too many television commercials fall back on stereotypes, showing the aged as feeble, foolish or inept, passing their time aimlessly in rocking chairs.’ Because seniors are a large and increasingly affluent market, one destined to grow larger as the 1950s baby boomers mature (Lester, 1996, p.114), advertisers should be sensitive to this group. If no sensitivity is used, some seniors may take out their anger and frustration towards images and advertising by ignoring or actively boycotting the product. The mass media reinforce images of the aged through stereotyping, which inevitably engender fear among the elderly, labelling them as ‘sick’ or ‘too old’ for certain things. In many cases, older men are seen to have power, whereas older women as seen as weak. Such an example can be seen in the instance where an older chairman in an American television commercial was shown preparing to give a speech to his  stockholders in a commercial for Coopers and Lybrand in 1993 (Lester, 2996, p. 90). Being an older woman is not so glamorous and well respected. If an older woman is not portrayed as loving grandmother, there is a good chance she will be portrayed as senile. Despite the media’s reinforcement of social stereotypes among the aged, awareness could assist a better understanding of the elderly in particular. Advertising agencies and advertisers employ young people to write and  prepare commercials. Most recent writers on this subject could conclude that ‘the age of the advertising producers is an important factor’ (Lester, 1996, p. 116) in creating the stereotypical images of age. Young creators working on senior accounts can be a problem, as they do not have the senior’s perspective, thus, engaging typically in stereotyping. Such hurdles can be overcome by consulting the large amount of research readily available on seniors, and by focusing on a group composed of seniors, which in turn will reinforce alternative views on age and aging. It is also arguable that the media, instead of being seen as a ‘neutral umpire’ between competing interests and an efficient way of disseminating information, critical theorists argue that the media are ‘very much implicated in power relations’ (Juredini and Poole, 2000, p. 313) in society. The most critical view of the media’s operations represents the reading, listening and viewing public as victims of a ‘giant con trick’  (Juredini and Poole, 2000, p. 313), believing in a truth convenient for the powerful groups who describe and interpret the world around us, thus, reinforcing the social stereotypes. The modern media of communication are similarly central to an individual’s life, providing many necessary information services as well as offering possibilities for self-enlightenment and entertainment. The media constructs and reinforces social stereotypes around gender, ethnicity and age around the images that are produced, and by the way they are capable of shaping the individual’s attitudes and beliefs. Despite such interpretations, it is the choice of the individual what they decide to consume from the diverse amount of information that is served openly to the public, and to eliminate misleading representations concerning members from diverse cultural groups.

Holistic Care Nurse Essay

The name and other identifying information about the patient included within this piece of work have been changed to protect confidentiality, as required by The Code of Professional Conduct (Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2008). For this reason, the patient included in this case study will be given the pseudonym of Sam Jones.The purpose of this assignment is to identify one client problem and provide an evidence-based plan of care for the individual. The purpose of care planning is to show a logical and systematic flow of ideas through from the initial assessment to the final evaluation (Mooney and O’Brien, 2006).The nursing model that will be incorporated in this care plan will be the Roper, Logan and Tierney’s model (2000). This model was chosen because is it extremely prevalent in the United Kingdom and is the most widely used model familiar to nurses. The model of nursing specifies 12 activities of daily living which are related to basic human needs and incorporates five dimensions of holistic care, physiological, psychological, sociocultural, politicoeconomical and environmental (Roper, Logan and Tierney’s model, 2000).Care plans are based on evidence-based practice, allowing the nurse to determine the best possible care and rationale for the chosen nursing interventions (Roper, Logan and Tierney, 2000). They take into account the psychological, biological and sociological needs of the person and therefore provide a holistic approach to care (Roper, Logan and Tierney, 2000). The main activity of living that will be affected within this care plan will be maintaining a safe environment as Mr. Jones may have a potential problem of death, due to hypovolemic and/or metabolic shock caused by ketoacidosis.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) usually occurs in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus, but diabetic ketoacidosis can develop in any person with diabetes (Diabetes UK, 2013). DKA results from dehydration during a state of relative insulin defici ency, associated with high blood levels of sugar level and ketones (Diabetes UK, 2013). This happens because there is not enough insulin to allow glucose to enter the cells where it can be used as energy so the body begins to use stores of fat as an alternative source of energy, and this in turn produces an acidic by-product known as ketones (Diabetes UK, 2013). It is evident that DKA is associated with significant disturbances of the body's chemistry, which should resolve with appropriate  therapy (Diabetes UK, 2013).Severe metabolic acidosis can lead to shock or death (Dugdale, 2011). The specific problem was chosen because there are measures that can significantly reduce the risk of metabolic and hypovolemic shock which can be caused by severe metabolic acidosis (Dugdale, 2011). Within the care plan relevant care interventions will be identified to prevent the possible development of shock for Mr. Jones. In practice the interventions would happen contemporaneously.The intervent ions involve identifying the potential risk factors for the development of shock by using specific assessments. This will be done by following an assessment which includes planning, assessing, implementing and evaluating the care that will be provided to Mr Jones and to evaluate its effectiveness (Mooney & O’Brien, 2006).Once the diagnosis was made, specific, achievable, measurable, realistic and time limited goals of care for Mr. Jones were made. The NHS foundation trust specific guidelines for adult diabetic ketoacidosis suggest a series of immediate actions and assessments for suspected DKA which will allow for appropriate interventions to be made and will provide a baseline which will provide a measure of the effectiveness of the treatment (The Joint British Diabetes Societies Inpatient Care Group, [JBDS], 2012).Mr Jones will need fluid and electrolyte management to clear ketones and correct electrolyte imbalance (Nazario, 2011). He will also require pharmacological invol vement which will include administrating medication that is needed to reverse the acidosis, raised blood glucose and pH levels (Nazario, 2011).Psychological intervention is also necessary to reduce his anxiety and therefore reduce potential shock (Nazario, 2011). The goal of treatment for Mr Jones is to lower his high blood sugar level with insulin an hour after the insulin infusion is administrated with the expected outcome of maintaining a blood glucose level in the range of 8.3mmol/l – 10.0mmol/l within 72 hours (JBDS, 2012). Due to this it is vital that Mr Jones’s blood sugar is monitored and regulated frequently (JBDS, 2012).Another goal is to replace his lost body fluids; intravenous fluids will be given to treat dehydration and dehydration status will be assessed every hour by monitoring intake and output, skin turgor and vital signs (JBDS, 2012). Mr. Jones will be able to understand the care that is being given and why it is being given within 30 minutes of dia gnosis and he will also be able to express his fears and discuss his needs with nursing staff, which  combined with improvements in his blood sugar levels will reduce his anxiety.Intervention one: Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementAccording to The Joint British Diabetes Society (2012) the usual cause of shock in DKA is severe fluid depletion secondary to osmotic diuresis leading to intravascular volume depletion. Diabetes Daily (2013) justify this by stating that dehydration can become severe enough to cause shock. So once a diagnosis of DKA has been established, fluid replacement should be commenced immediately (Park, 2006).According to Oaks and Cole (2007) the development of total body dehydration and sodium depletion is the result of increased urinary output and electrolyte losses. They state that insulin deficiency can also contribute to renal losses of water and electrolytes (Oaks and Cole, 2007). The Joint British Diabetes Society (2012) suggests that the most important initia l therapeutic intervention when treating a patient with DKA is fluid replacement followed by insulin initiation. They also state an adult weighing 70kg or above presenting with DKA may be up to 7 litres in fluid deficit with associated electrolyte disturbances (JBDS, 2012).Rhoda, Porter and Quintini (2011) propose that a fluid and electrolyte management plan developed by a multidisciplinary team is advantageous in promoting continuity of care and producing safe outcomes. The development of a plan for managing fluid and electrolyte abnormalities should start with correcting the underlying condition (Rhoda, Porter and Quintini, 2011).In most cases, this is followed by an assessment of fluid balance with the goal of achieving euvolemia (state of normal body fluid volume) (Rhoda, Porter and Quintini, 2011). The Joint British Diabetes Society (2012) propose the main aims for the first few litres of fluid replacement are to clear ketones and correct electrolyte imbalance.The Joint British Diabetes Society (2012) has issued guidelines on the management of adults with DKA to each NHS foundation trust. The guidelines state that intravenous fluids should be commenced via an intravenous cannula (JBDS, 2012). It is recommended that 9% Sodium chloride 1000mls should be infused initially over one hour (JBDS, 2012).Park (2006) clarifies this by stating that slower rates have been associated with a more rapid correction of plasma bicarbonate and it is recommended that 1000mls is to be infused in the first hour. Rhoda, Porter and Quintini (2011) propose that after fluid status is corrected,  electrolyte imbalances are simplified.To correct dehydration and achieve the goal of rehydrating Mr Jones, several assessments will need to be completed. Rhoda, Porter and Quintini (2011) suggest that after a plan is developed, frequent monitoring is vital to regain homeostasis. Mr Jones’s urine output, heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate and pulse oximetry will be monito red hourly to ensure the treatment being given is working effectively (JBDS, 2012).Also, to assess the degree of dehydration a variety of specific observations will need to be carried out including observing neck veins, skin turgor, mucous membranes, tachycardia, hypotension, capillary refill and urine output (JBDS, 2012). A strict fluid balance chart will need to be in place to monitor input and output (Mooney, 2007).To continue with gradual rehydration and restoration of depleted electrolytes after the first 1000ml bag of 0.9% sodium chloride has been administered to Mr Jones over one hour a second 1000ml bag of 0.9% sodium chloride will be commenced over two hours and a third bag will then follow over another two hours (JBDS, 2012) . Following these two hourly bags of fluid another two bags of sodium chloride will follow at a rate of four hours and then another two bags will be commenced over six hours consecutively to ensure complete rehydration (JBDS, 2012).Pharmacology Interve ntionThe medication that was needed to resolve Mr. Jones’s acidosis and to prevent metabolic shock will be discussed in this intervention. A fixed rate intravenous insulin infusion is recommended by The Joint British Diabetes Society (2012) and stated on the NHS foundation trust DKA guidelines to reverse DKA.An intravenous insulin infusion via a pump should contain 50 units of actrapid insulin in 50mls 0.9% sodium chloride at a continuous fixed rate of 0.1 units/kg/hour (JBDS, 2012). If you are unable to weigh the patient an estimated weight will need to be made to calculate the units per kg per hour (JBDS, 2012).Whilst the infusion is running ketones and capillary blood glucose will be monitored hourly to screen for improvement (JBDS, 2012). Preedy (2010) and guidelines to DKA both state that if the patient normally takes long acting insulin (e.g. Lantus, Levemir) this should be continued at their usual dose and time. According to The Joint British Diabetes Society (2012) it is no longer advised to administer a  bolus dose of insulin at the time of diagnosis of DKA to allow rapid correction of blood sugar. Intravenous fluid resuscitation alone will reduce plasma glucose levels by two methods: it will dilute the blood glucose and also the levels of counter-regulatory hormones (JBDS, 2012).If the blood glucose falls too slowly, the insulin rate should be doubled every hour until the target decrease is met (JBDS, 2012). If the blood glucose falls too quickly, the insulin rate can be halved to 0.05unit/kg/hour, but for a short time only, as a rate of 0.1 units/kg/hour is needed to switch off ketone production (JBDS, 2012).If hypoglycaemia occurs prior to complete resolution of DKA, the insulin infusion should not be stopped, but extra glucose should be added to the IV fluids instead (JBDS, 2012). Diabetes Daily (2013) explain that if necessary, potassium should be administered to correct for hypokalemia (low blood potassium concentration), and sodium bic arbonate to correct for metabolic acidosis, if the pH is less than 7.0.For Mr. Jones neither of these was needed to correct his acidosis. JBDS (2012) can justify this as they clarify that intravenous bicarbonate is very rarely necessary. Similarly, Diabetes Care (2004) proposes the use of bicarbonate in DKA remains controversial. At a pH >7.0, insulin activity blocks lipolysis and resolves ketoacidosis without any added bicarbonate. Potassium is often high on admission but falls precipitously upon treatment with insulin (JBDS, 2012).Potassium levels can fluctuate severely during the treatment of DKA, because insulin decreases potassium levels in the blood by redistributing it into cells (JBDS, 2012). A large part of the shifted extracellular potassium would have been lost in Mr. Jones’s urine because of osmotic diuresis (Dugdale, 2012). Hypokalemia increases the risk of dangerous irregularities in the heart rate (Dugdale, 2012).Therefore, continuous observation of the heart r ate is recommended as well as repeated measurement of Mr. Jones’s potassium levels and addition of potassium to the intravenous fluids once levels fall below 5.3 mmol/l (JBDS, 2012). By 24 hours Mr. Jones had improved and was able to eat and drink. The guidelines state that by 24 hours the ketonaemia and acidosis should have resolved but you should continue intravenous fluids if the patient is not yet drinking as per clinical judgement (JBDS, 2012).The guidelines also suggest if blood glucose becomes lower than 14 mmol/L then 10% glucose should be prescribed to run alongside the sodium chloride (JBDS, 2012). Also, if Mr Jones’s  potassium had of dropped below 3.5mmol/L in the first 24 hours of treatment then additional potassium would have needed to be given (JBDS, 2012).Psychological InterventionA third intervention would be communication needs to reduce patient anxiety and keep the patient feeling secure. Communication plays an important part in the holistic care p lan and biopsychosocial approach to care. Anxiety can be a barrier to communication; therefore, it is important to communicate with Mr. Jones clearly and supportively in order to make him feel free to discuss his fears and to allow him to participate in the decisions made in his care. According to Sarafino (2008) anxiety appears to be caused by an interaction of biopsychosocial factors, including vulnerability, which interact with situations, stress, or trauma to produce added anxieties for the patient.The nurse should take a step by step approach to build a plan of care and voice the plan of care to Mr. Jones so he does not become overwhelmed by the extensiveness of the treatment (Sarafino, 2008). Communication is identified as one of the essential skills that health care professionals must acquire (NMC, 2010). The Nursing and Midwifery Council (2010) stipulate that, within the domain for communication and interpersonal skills, all nurses must do the following: communicate safely a nd effectively, build therapeutic relationships and take individual differences, capabilities, and needs into account, be able to engage in, maintain, and disengage from therapeutic relationships, use a range of communication skills and technologies, use verbal, non-verbal, and written communication, address communication in diversity, promote well-being and personal safety, and identify ways to communicate.Communicating with Mr. Jones relatives is also important so that they develop an understanding of his condition and the care he is receiving (Webb, 2011) According to Webb (2011) health professionals who can communicate at an emotional level are seen as warm, caring, and empathetic, and engender trust in their patients, which encourages disclosure of worries and concerns that patients might otherwise not reveal. Additionally, informative and useful communication between the practitioner and the patient is shown to encourage patients to take more interest in their condition, ask q uestions, and develop greater understanding and self-care (Webb, 2011).Webb (2011) explains that this is  particularly so when the patient is given time and encouragement to ask questions and be involved in their treatment decisions. By using the Roper, Logan and Tierney’s nursing model (2000) a holistic approach to care was able to be implemented for Mr. Jones by taking into account his biological, psychological and social needs. By establishing a holistic care plan three interventions were identified that were equally vital in treating Mr. Jones’s DKA to prevent hypovolemic and metabolic shock caused by his acidosis.The first intervention was the management of fluid and electrolytes put in place to achieve the goal of rehydrating Mr. Jones in aim to correct his electrolyte imbalance and clear ketones to prevent hypovolemic and metabolic shock caused by his DKA. The second intervention included pharmacological input which included the administration of relevant medi cation to achieve the goal of reversing Mr. Jones’s raised blood glucose and acidosis. Lastly the third intervention within the holistic care plan addressed Mr. Jones psychological needs by resolving his anxiety by utilising effective communication and interpersonal skills.It can be concluded that the care plan and treatment for Mr. Jones was successful therefore he did not require escalation to the high dependency unit and additional treatment was not necessary. Therefore it is evident from the success of Mr Jones care; care planning provides a structured and holistic method which in turn addresses all elements of an individual’s health and well being.AppendixThe individual chosen for this care plan is Mr. Sam Jones (a pseudonym, as explained in the confidentiality statement). This gentleman was chosen for the care plan as caring for diabetic individuals is becoming a more common activity within health care today. Mr. Jones is a 58-year-old builder who was admitted af ter being found collapsed at his home by his brother.He is 5ft 9† tall and weighs 88 kilogram’s. Mr. Jones lives alone in a centrally heated two bedroom semi detached house; he sleeps on the upper floor and is very independent and does not require a package of care. He has a daughter aged 22 who has two small children and also has a brother aged 64 who lives nearby with his wife.Mr. Jones has been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes since the age of 18 and has struggled with the management of his condition  resulting in numerous hospital admissions. Mr Jones stated he did not smoke but admitted to having an increased intake of alcohol. On arrival blood monitoring was performed which revealed un-recordable blood sugar levels which gave the clerking impression of diabetic ketoacidosis.The health care team then had the problem of potential death due to hypovolemic and metabolic shock caused by ketoacidosis. On admission to the medical assessment unit (MAU) numerous assessment s needed to be completed to discover the extensiveness of the condition and to provide baseline levels.Firstly, rapid ABC was performed with measurement of pulse, blood pressure, Glasgow coma scale, respiratory rate and pulse oximetry. Urinalysis was performed which indicated the presence of ketones, and glucose and samples were sent for microscopy, culture and sensitivity. The patients’ full blood count was taken as part of the ‘septic screen'.The patients’ capillary blood glucose was taken and venous blood samples were be sent to the lab for U&Es which is essential in order to assess the baseline potassium as well as giving a biochemical indication of dehydration and renal function. Laboratory glucose is also an essential baseline investigation to identify glucose and evaluate blood sugar concentrations (Association for Clinical Chemistry, 2011).A baseline ECG is a mandatory investigation for a patient with DKA (Turner 2012). Blood gas measurements were used to evaluate Mr. Jones’s oxygenation and acid/base status and from the blood gas a pH result was obtained as well as a bicarbonate levels and PC02 (the amount of carbon dioxide released into the blood) levels (ACC, 2011).The results of the numerous tests confirmed the diagnosis of metabolic acidosis. Metabolic acidosis is characterised by a lower pH and decreased bicarbonate, the blood is too acidic on a metabolic/kidney level. A pH less than 7.4, low bicarbonate and low PC02 will indicate metabolic shock and DKA (ACC, 2011). The assessments that were undertaken on Mr Jones revealed that he fitted the criteria for diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis.According to The Joint British Diabetes Society (2012) to diagnose DKA the three of the following must be present: blood glucose over 11mmol/l or known diabetic, blood ketones above 3mmol/l or urine ketone ++ or more and venous pH less than 7.3 and/or bicarbonate below 15mmol/l. Once the diagnosis was made, specific, achievable, measu rable, realistic and time limited goals of care for Mr. Jones were made.