Public Health Essay - 2593 Words

Public health is a dynamic field of medicine that is concerned primarily with improving the health of populations rather than just the health of individuals. Winslow (1920) defined public health as; â€Å" the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting physical health and efficiency through organized community efforts for the sanitation of the environment, the control of community infections, the education of the individual in principles of personal hygiene, the organization of medical and nursing service for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease, and the development of the social machinery which will ensure to every individual in the community, a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of†¦show more content†¦Most of these issues have been successfully addressed, and in the twenty-first century, the focus has widened to confront newer epidemics of ill-health resulting from drug abuse, obesity and smoking.(5) SOPH are important in addressing these health issues largely because of its pivotal role in the training of public health professionals, thereby laying the foundation for the future growth of the health sector.(6 ) Most SOPH in the UK are organized around the themes of capacity building, multidisciplinary approach, balanced teaching and research. Information is dissipated in traditional class room setting, either as full-time 12 month programmes, or as part-time 24-60 months programmes.(7) Some SOPH have adopted more technologically advanced means of education delivery, utilizing electronic means to provide distance learning facilities, especially for international students who may not be able to afford the cost of living in the UK. The curriculum of most courses in public health conventionally includes subject such as epidemiology, health policy, health promotion, health management, environmental health, human biology and health economics.(6,8,9) Currently however, the scope has been expanded to include courses involving statistical analysis and the use of computer programmes; the ability to access, manage and work with information; the ability to present and disseminate information in an eff ective manner; interview andShow MoreRelatedPublic Health And Social Health869 Words   |  4 Pages In the 20th century, public health was greatly defined, shaped, and heralded by its’ breakthroughs’ against infectious diseases of the time and other communicable diseases. Stern and global policies supporting mass vaccinations and mass hygienic regulations, both created an environment in which Public Health as a discipline was able to advance and counter the plagues and pandemics of its’ day. Contrastingly, in the 21st century, we are globally being faced with a different kind of animal, chronicRead MoreThe Principles of Public Health822 Words   |  3 PagesWhat are the principles of public health? There are two difference approaches to show the principles of public health. One is including mission, core functions and ten essential services. The other one has 5 public health principles. Firstly, the principles of public health are mission, core functions and ten essential services. The mission is to achieve society’s interest in ensuring people’s health conditions. The core functions are divided into three parts. The first part is assessment. AssessmentRead MoreFracking And The Public Health1230 Words   |  5 PagesHydraulic fracturing or fracking has become a concern both environmentally and in the public health sphere in Western Maryland. In analyzing these ideas, the environment and public health concerns intertwine in a discourse about the relationship on both power and knowledge. Fracking is a new issue for the state of Maryland to consider; therefore dominant narratives on this subject are still being developed and legitimized. Studies have been conducted in other regions around the world to analyze theRead MoreMà ¤ori Public Health:4032 Words   |  17 PagesMà ¤ori Public Health: Ethics A discussion paper Preamble Being asked to write a paper on Mà ¤ori perspectives on Public Health ethics raises issues for me. Some years ago my research colleagues and I invited Moana Jackson to participate in a project on genetic engineering. Our first question for him was along the lines of whether Mà ¤ori had a ‘unique perspective’ on genetic engineering. It was then that we received our lesson about the use of the word ‘perspective’ (Cram, Pihama Philip-BarbaraRead More Global Public Health Essay1671 Words   |  7 PagesAfter 150 years of public health research and intervention, there are bound to be many lessons to draw upon which can provide the insight to guide public health professionals and institutions as they design and implement specific strategies, policies, and measures to increase global resilience for â€Å"complex health emergencies†. Identifying both the modifications to public health systems and looking closely from the history of managing environmental and other threats to the public health sector increasesRead MoreBloombergs Commitment to Public Health741 Words   |  3 PagesBloomberg’s commitment to public health was certainly strong throughout his time as mayor of New York. On the one hand, he understood the importance in addressing some of the largest health issues of our time. On the other however, it seems that many of his policies were made without proper scientific evidence and backing and were made based on his own personal philosophies rather those of the people they affected. He himself said â€Å"I just spent roughly $600 million of my own money to try to stopRead MoreAn International Student Of Public Health Essay1227 Words   |  5 PagesTrying to Fulfil a Dream As an international student, public health is not a major you hear about regularly. As a Middle-Eastern, everyone is expected to pursue a degree in Medicine, Engineering or Pharmacy. I recall the most common question I got asked when I mentioned I was majoring in public health was, â€Å"...so, you are going to be a nurse?† The idea was introduced to me by my mother some years back, who is a physician, who thought it would suit my lifetime general goals. As a child I rememberRead MorePublic Health Issue Of Vaccinations2238 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract This paper examines the controversy surrounding the public health issue of vaccinations in children. Following a careful review of the literature surrounding this issue, the possible reasons for and implications of having a large percentage of the population who remains unvaccinated are discussed. Possible interventions and purposed interventions for resolution of this problem are discussed and conclusions are drawn based on what it learned from the literature. Keywords: controversy, vaccinationsRead MoreHistory of Public Health Essay938 Words   |  4 PagesThe History of Public Health and the Role of the Community/Public Health Nurse Walden University NURS 4010 Section 04, Family, Community, and Population-Based Care 10 / 21 / 2012 The History of Public Health and the Role of the Community/Public Health Nurse Overview Public health, a population-centered nursing had been in existence since the late 1880s under the guise of different names. The focus of public health nursing was on sanitation, communicable diseaseRead MoreApplication Of Public Health Principles823 Words   |  4 PagesApplication of Public Health Principles to Biodefense. Principles of public health are basically the essence and fundamentals of the public health practice. Public health are the sum total measures adopted to prevent disease, promote health, and prolong life of the population. Application of the public health principles to biodefense, therefore entails biosurveillance, countermeasure stockpiling and distribution, mass casualty care in the event of bioterrorism, and community resilience (Homeland

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) - 828 Words

Veterans face multiple obstacles within their health even after they are out of the military. Some of these issues include post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, substance abuse, and even suicide. Disability is also a huge part in veteran’s health considering they became wounded during their time serving. Receiving care for these disorders is usually covered by the military’s insurance, known as Tricare. (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 1). Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a genuine sickness. You can get PTSD in the wake of living through or seeing a traumatic occasion, for example, war, a tropical storm, rape, physical misuse, or an awful mischance. PTSD makes you feel pushed and perplexed after the peril is over. It influences your life and the general population around you. PTSD can cause flashbacks, angry outbursts, feelings of being alone, or trouble sleeping or nightmares. PTSD starts at different times for different people. PTSD begins at various times for various individuals. Indications of PTSD may begin not long after a terrifying occasion and afterward proceed. Other individuals grow new or more serious signs months or even years after the fact. PTSD can transpire, even kids. Treatment may incorporate talk treatment, pharmaceuticals, or both. Treatment may take 6 to 12 weeks. For some individuals, it takes longer ( U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2). Military administration individuals, veterans, and their families are a developing groupShow MoreRelatedPost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )990 Words   |  4 PagesPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a common anxiety disorder characterized by chronic physical arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts and images of the traumatic event, and avoidance of things that can call the traumatic event into mind (Schacter, Gilbert, Wegner, Nock, 2014). About 7 percent of Americans suffer from PTSD. Family members of victims can also develop PTSD and it can occur in people of any age. The diagnosis for PTSD requires one or more symptoms to beRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1471 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER 1 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Student’s Name Course Title School Name April 12, 2017  Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder that many people are facing every day, and it appears to become more prevalent. This disorder is mainly caused by going through or experiencing a traumatic event, and its risk of may be increased by issuesRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the Mayo-Clinic Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, commonly known as PTSD is defined as â€Å"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that s triggered by a terrifying event — either experiencing it or witnessing it. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the event† (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). Post Traumatic Stress disorder can prevent one from living a normal, healthy life. In 2014, Chris Kyle playedRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1198 Words   |  5 Pages Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) is a mental illness that is triggered by witnessing or experiencing a traumatic event. â€Å"PTSD was first brought to public attention in relation to war veterans, but it can result from a variety of traumatic incidents, such as mugging, rape, torture, being kidnapped or held captive, child abuse, car accidents, train wrecks, plane crashes, bombings, or natural disasters such as floods or earthquakes(NIMH,2015).† PTSD is recognized as a psychobiological mentalRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1423 Words   |  6 Pages Mental diseases and disorders have been around since humans have been inhabiting earth. The field of science tasked with diagnosing and treating these disorders is something that is always evolving. One of the most prevalent disorders in our society but has only recently been acknowledged is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Proper and professional diagnosis and definitions of PTSD was first introduced by the American Psychiatric Association(APA) in the third edition of the Diagnostic andRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Identity, Groups, and PTSD In 1980, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD,) was officially categorized as a mental disorder even though after three decades it is still seen as controversial. The controversy is mainly founded around the relationship between post-traumatic stress (PTS) and politics. The author believes that a group level analysis will assist in understanding the contradictory positions in the debate of whether or not PTSD is a true disorder. The literature regarding this topicRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesPost Traumatic Stress Disorder â€Å"PTSD is a disorder that develops in certain people who have experienced a shocking, traumatic, or dangerous event† (National Institute of Mental Health). Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has always existed, PTSD was once considered a psychological condition of combat veterans who were â€Å"shocked† by and unable to face their experiences on the battlefield. Much of the general public and many mental health professionals doubted whether PTSD was a true disorder (NIMH)Read MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )944 Words   |  4 Pageswith Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD Stats). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a mental disorder common found in veterans who came back from war. We can express our appreciation to our veterans by creating more support programs, help them go back to what they enjoy the most, and let them know we view them as a human not a disgrace. According to the National Care of PTSD, a government created program, published an article and provides the basic definition and common symptoms of PTSD. Post-traumaticRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1780 Words   |  8 Pagesmental illnesses. One such illness is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental illness that affects a person’s sympathetic nervous system response. A more common name for this response is the fight or flight response. In a person not affected by post-traumatic stress disorder this response activates only in times of great stress or life threatening situations. â€Å"If the fight or flight is successful, the traumatic stress will usually be released or dissipatedRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1444 Words   |  6 PagesYim – Human Stress 2 December 2014 PTSD in War Veterans Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a condition that is fairly common with individuals that have experienced trauma, especially war veterans. One in five war veterans that have done service in the Iraq or Afghanistan war are diagnosed with PTSD. My group decided to focus on PTSD in war veterans because it is still a controversial part of stressful circumstances that needs further discussion. The lifetime prevalence of PTSD amongst war

Glucose The Most Important Monosaccharide in the Body

Introduction to the topic: Glucose is the most important monosaccharide in the body. It serves as the primary energy source for humans. Every pathway, every form of metabolism has glucose involved with it. Glucose also serves as the backbone for many important molecules in the body. Glucose is also further uses to make disaccharides and polysaccharides. The metabolism of glucose or cellular respiration yields a lot of ATP in the human body. Since glucose serves such important functions, understanding the biochemistry and clinical applications of malfunction of glucose metabolism are important. Glucose testing in a hospital setting can lead to important results such as if a patient has diabetes or hyperglycemia. This paper focuses on glucose testing done in a clinical setting and the biochemistry behind why and how glucose testing serves such an important role. Biochemistry of Glucose and its metabolism: As it has already been established glucose is the primary source of energy, it is found in many tissues of the human body. For example, the nervous tissues itself cannot produce carbohydrates; due to this it is essential to have a steady supply of glucose to the tissue. Similarly, the liver and pancreas to perform its metabolism utilize glucose. Most of the ingested food is carbohydrates, which has to be broken down to glucose before it can be utilized by the body for it’s metabolic functions. Glucose once derived from the carbohydrates through enzymes such asShow MoreRelatedEssay about Chemistry and Carbohydrates1082 Words   |  5 Pages The Chemistry of Carbohydrates The chemistry of carbohydrates most closely resembles that of alcohol, aldehyde, and ketone functional groups. As a result, the modern definition of a carbohydrate is that the compounds are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones. The chemistry of carbohydrates is complicated by the fact that there is a functional group (alcohol) on almost every carbon. In addition, the carbohydrate may exist in either a straight chain or a ring structure. Ring structures incorporate twoRead MoreCarbohydrates : An Important Part1224 Words   |  5 PagesCarbohydrates paly an important part in athelets perfomenace. The basic componant of a carbohydrate is a simple union of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. There are three major kinds of Carbohydrates: monosaccharides (or simple sugars), disaccharides, and polysaccharides. 1. Monosaccharides: [Sugar] It is the simplest form of carbohydrate as it consists of single-sugar unit. The monosaccharides is main and primary source of energy for organisms. 2. Disaccharides: [simple or fast-acting carbohydrate]Read MoreThe Effect Of Glycogen On A Healthy Body1270 Words   |  6 PagesGlycogen is a carbohydrate and mainly a stored form of glucose. This assignment will also include the molecular structure of glycogen. This molecular glycogenic structure (diagram) will be embedded into the body of the essay, together with the explanation of this molecular structure. Specific reference will be made to the polisaccharide characteristics thereof and will indicate the relation between different sub-divisions of the structure and how, where and why they are bonded together. The functionRead MoreThe Effect Of Glucose On Food And Chemistry1244 Words   |  5 Pages 10/20/14 Glucose Introduction: What influence does Glucose have within food and chemistry itself? We all know that Glucose itself is a simple monosaccharide that we normally call Sugar, however what does it all really cover within the basis of food? So let’s get down to the bottom of this and discover what role Glucose plays within the chemistry of food. Background: Glucose, which is also called D-glucose or Dextrose is a monosaccharide within one of the carbohydrate groupsRead MoreHydrolysis of Macromolecules Essay2409 Words   |  10 Pagesreaction in which water is added to a polymer, breaking its bonds and forming smaller molecules. A hydrogen cation and a hydroxide anion (which once formed water) break apart and attach themselves to the ends of shorter polymers. Hydrolysis plays an important role in our lives and in the lives of every living thing on earth. Living organisms rely on digestion (hydrolysis) to convert food energy from polymers into monomers, which are easier for our cells to absorb. This study was conducted to show howRead MoreSci Week Answers2438 Words   |  10 Pagesingests, digests, absorbs, transports, and excretes food substances. î  Ã® â€šÃ®â‚¬â€™ What is the benefit of food to the body? Food provides the energy in the form of calories as well as the materials needed to build and maintain all body cells. î  Ã® â€šÃ®â‚¬â€™ What is the benefit of nutrition to the body? Nutrients are the substances obtained from food that are vital for growth and maintenance of a healthy body throughout life. î  Ã® â€šÃ®â‚¬â€™ What is one classification of nutrients? Nutrients can be classified as essential orRead MoreChemistry : Water s Chemical Composition776 Words   |  4 PagesBackground Research Water’s chemical composition is H20. It is two atoms of Hydrogen and one atom of oxygen combined. Water is a necessity. The human body can not go more than three days without a substantial intake of water. Ninety percent of the human body is water. All of our cells need water to do their daily objectives, and if we get to the point where there is not enough water the cell will not be able to do its intended function. The boiling point and the melting point of water is crucialRead MoreEssay on Identifying Nutrients939 Words   |  4 PagesStudent Exploration: Identifying Nutrients Vocabulary: carbohydrate, disaccharide, lipid, monosaccharide, polysaccharide, protein, starch Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) 1. What are the major types of nutrients you can get from food? Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins 2. How are these nutrients used by your body? Nutrients are used by your body for everyday functions. Gizmo Warm-up Have you ever wondered what is in your food?Read MoreObesity Is An Abnormal Collection Of Body Fat1852 Words   |  8 PagesIn recent years obesity and diabetes have become one of the major challenge to Australia. Obesity is an abnormal collection of body fat, usually 20% or more of the total individual body weight. In simple words obesity can be defined as the cause of energy intake being greater than energy output (Energy InputEnergy output). Obesity is associated with increased risk of illness, disability, and death. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that significantly affects the health of human beings. TheRead MoreChemistry : The Chemistry Of Life1165 Words   |  5 Pagesmonossaccharides. Monossaccharides are also known as â€Å"simple sugars† because they are composed of a single molecule such as glucose, fructose, or galactose. Two monossaccharides make a disaccharide, which is the second classification. The most common disaccharide is sucrose, also known as ta ble salt. The third classification is polysaccharides, which is three or more monosaccharides. Examples of polysaccharides would include starch and cellulose. These â€Å"simple sugars† can be presented by using the Benedicts

Childhood Education, Delinquency, and Life - 2845 Words

Childhood Education, Delinquency, and Life If we are to teach real peace in this world, and if we are to carry on a real war against war, we shall have to begin with the children,† Mahatma Gandhi. This is very important as we look into the life of a child. The events that are put in place for a child in its early stages, can effect who they will be years to come. The years between 6 and 14—middle childhood and early adolescence—are a time of important developmental advances that establish children’s sense of identity (Eccles). During these times the children are trying to find themselves in school, and in the home, but the three things that are stunting a great childhood are; childhood deliquesce, the care taking and education in the school system, and the child’s home life. Childhood deliquesce has been around for many years, and has grown. The arrest rate of child delinquency change between 1988 and; arrests for violent crimes increased by 45 percent (United States. U.S. Department of Justice). Many times these children don’t just start causing trouble, but they have grown into role, most often young can see this at an early age, though language, temperamental characteristics, and be disconnected to the caregivers (United States. U.S. Department of Justice). These early signs can predict the child’s later actions in life. Also, signs of a delinquent are; aggressive behavior and impulse behavior. Today, there are many aids that prevent and help children from causing harmShow MoreRelatedDangerous Classes of New York Essays1074 Words   |  5 Pagesof juvenile delinquency to the considerable range of social issues the show discusses. The Wire almost flawlessly represents the factors which cause a young person to â€Å"defect†Ã¢â‚¬â€ from the failings of the city school district, a difficult home life, or the struggle of homelessness, to the surrounding environmental influences that arise from life in the city of Baltimore. However, while The Wire and its examination of causalities does many things for the discussion of Juvenile Delinquency on the whole—takingRead MoreThe Theory And Social Control Theory1106 Words   |  5 PagesHirschi Travis Hirschi is an American criminologist who is famous for developing the self-control perspective on crime and social control perspective on juvenile delinquency. In his groundbreaking work, Causes of Delinquency, he argued out that an explanation for delinquency can be achieved by absence of social bonds. He also stated that delinquency could be prevented by social attachments, acceptance of social norms, recognizing the moral validity of law and involvement in conventional activities. In hisRead MoreThe Issue Of The Juvenile Justice System Essay1539 Words   |  7 Pagesnot been so. Despite the Constitutional vision of a healthy and happy child protected against abuse and exploitation, and a National Policy for Children, the majority of children in India continue to live without a cared, protected and meaningful childhood. The juvenile justice system as conceived by legislation aims at providing care, protection, treatment, development, and rehabilitation of delinquent and neg lected juvenile. India is a signatory to UN Declaration on The Rights of the Child, 1959Read MoreThe First National Child Protection Legislation1434 Words   |  6 PagesNeslon 2013). The express purpose was to help states implement programs to deal with the problem of child abuse (Trost 1998). Through raising awareness, there are high hopes of lowering juvenile delinquency with at-risk individuals. Children who are physically abused tend to become offenders later in life (Welsh and Farrington 2007). Child abuse was not formally identified as a medical condition until 1962, when medical professionals were eventually involved and diagnosed children with the BatteredRead MoreThe Effects Of Self Regulation On Children s Behavior1497 Words   |  6 PagesEarly negative emotionality is considered a vulnerability factor for future behavior problems, including self-regulation deficits. Temperament is progressively taken under control by self-regulatory that emerges towards the end of the first year of li fe and can be reliably measured by 18 months of age. On the opposite end of things, high levels of positive affect during infancy were associated with high effortful control in toddlers. However, this relation was inversed from toddlerhood to preschoolRead MoreThe Effects Of Delinquency On Children s Life1657 Words   |  7 Pagesmore crimes than adults, and that if we can reduce the amount of delinquency that occurs in the United States, then we will also reduce the amount of crime. To understand how to prevent delinquency, we must first understand what causes it. Delinquency can be caused by a number of factors involving the child s family, socialization, economic background and drug use. Of course, the earliest contributor to delinquency in a child s life is the family. (1) Early family dysfunction can lead to emotionalRead MoreThe Youth Through Prevention And Detection, Rehabilitation, And Establishing A Future For Juvenile Justice System Essay1428 Words   |  6 Pagesfor a given individual, make it more likely that this individual, rather than someone selected from the general population, will develop a disorder† (Mrazek and Haggerty, 1994:127) As a result of studies conducted on the juveniles impacted by delinquency, it has been determined that the factors can be placed into six bulk categories: physical factors, mental factors, home conditions, school conditions, neighborhood conditions and occupational conditions. (Bridges, 1927) Physical factors are knownRead MoreIs There A Strong Relationship Between Poverty And Juvenile Delinquency?1655 Words   |  7 PagesMandy Feldbauer Is There a Strong Relationship Between Poverty and Juvenile Delinquency? There is a lot of research in the world on whether or not poverty and juvenile delinquency are correlated. Of what I’ve seen, the studies suggest that there is, in fact, a relationship between them. Poverty is a serious issue, and it not only affects the people living in poverty, but it also affects the people around poverty-ridden neighborhoods. This study will address the issue of poverty on juveniles.Read MoreSocial Outcasts and Juvenile Deliquency Essay909 Words   |  4 Pagesoutcasts as they are simply referred to may develop a low self esteem and have a low social status. Social outcast are also hated, discriminated and persecuted by the society and as a result they may result into being depressed and lonely. Juvenile Delinquency refers some illegal and antisocial behaviors by persons who are under the age of 18 thus are minors. This means behaviors that would be regarded as crime if done by an adult. Juvenile delinquent refers to those children or adolescent who behaveRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is A Great Issue Essay1462 Words   |  6 PagesJuvenile delinquency has become a great issue in this country. The reasons for delinquency are many, yet the fixes to the delinquency problem are few. Not enough is being done for the youth of this country to rehabilitate, deter, or change the way the youth acts. There isn’t enough communication or interaction between the key stakeholders that can help prevent juvenile delinquency. For the longest time juvenile delinquency has been increasing despite any efforts put forth by lawmakers to deter this

Naive Realism Essay Free Essays

Sensory perception, or how people view things in life, helps to define naà ¯ve realism, meaning that we view the world directly as we see it, in cold, concrete tangibility.  Ã‚   Meaning, I know I have seen a bird and not just something created in my mind.   Ã‚  Representative realism, on the other hand, believes that the mind formulates images—crafts them—as the mind digests information and then creates the images we see within the bounds of our peripheral space. We will write a custom essay sample on Naive Realism Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will discuss two differences between naà ¯ve realism and representative realism followed by an assessment of representative realism. First of all, when we view life as a naà ¯ve realist, we can prove with tangible evidence—using some or all of the six senses— that what we perceive is actually there. For example, a birthday cake on a table can be touched, tasted, felt, and smelled, thereby proving its existence.   The representative realist fathoms images seen from an abstract angle.   For example, cloud formations in the sky can be viewed as different objects.   Someone says, â€Å"I see a bear’s face in the cloud, while someone else may see a butterfly. To go one step further, in naà ¯ve realism, we say that time is distributed into ‘now,’ which is a real experience, and ‘the past,’ which did happen but no longer exists, and ‘the future,’ which is yet to occur. Science says we have â€Å"objective reality,† or the here and now.   Along with this, there is â€Å"subjective perception,† or two people seeing the same thing differently.   Classical science, then, broke away from naà ¯ve realism and had to consider the representative realist’s viewpoint.   For example, when we think of dreams or watching a movie, two people may see things very differently. True, they are there, but where is the distinction-mark drawn to separate what is dreamt and what is real, or how do we separate two different viewpoints of the same movie? This, for a naà ¯ve realist, is difficult to answer.   Sure, we can speculate but it only brings us closer to falling in line with the representative’s methodology.   Here’s an analogy to help define this: The representative realist’s brain acts as a baker that follows a recipe, using the ingredients in his kitchen to bake a cake. Slight modifications in the amount of an ingredient can alter the flavor, or even the appearance of the cake.   A potential award-winning three-layer cake will sink in the oven without sufficient yeast.   Thus, the representative realist solves this dilemma by believing the brain is the baker cooking up images, whereas the naà ¯ve realist purely functions on digesting tangible images. Naà ¯ve realism can be criticized and assessed further. If we regard perception as a case whereby individual knowledge creates what we see, the floodgate of personal interpretation is opened.   Can naà ¯ve realism swim in these floodgates of varied perceptions?   If situations are regarded simply, then the naà ¯ve realist can understand what he sees. However, life is not a simple cookie-cutter mold.   Even something as simple as a lump of wax seeks varied interpretation when we add a new ingredient, say a wick and a flame.   Now the wax takes on new features and varied perceptions.   Even the same person can visualize the same object in many different ways. Look at a print created by M.C. Escher and you will see how quickly the mind can shift its perceptive view of the same thing. In final assessment of representative realism, it can be seen that it does, in fact, provides a significant and worthwhile advancement in our understanding of humankind experiences.   For, living in a world where the psychological makeup of an individual holds such lasting presence, it is difficult to image only believing in the naà ¯ve realist’s way of thinking.   However, just to be fair, naà ¯ve realism will always have a place in human intellectual perception.   It’s up to the individual to determine how she sees things. SOURCES: http://www.arrod.co.uk/essays/representative-realism.php http://www.planetpapers.com/Assets/4368.php http://spartan.ac.brocku.ca/~lward/Dewey/Dewey_1916/Dewey_1916_09.html          How to cite Naive Realism Essay, Essay examples

Water Pollution in Haiti and Its Effect Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Water Pollution in Haiti and Its Effect. Answer: Introduction The environmental pollution is one of the grave issues faced by the modern society. Amongst the different types of pollution, the majority of the health concerns are caused by water and air pollutions as they affect the majority of the population around the world. Water pollution is defined as the contamination of the water by organisms and other agents which make it unfit for human consumption or use (Laws, 2017). One of the major pollution crises is the one faced by Haiti, which is facing extreme water pollution and a crisis of drinkable water. The pollution of the water resources causes them to be affected by a number of factors such as the lack of sanitation, improper waste disposal, and the lack of sewage facilities. To counter the water pollution problem and make clean water accessible to the general plants need to be set up and the sewage disposal should be controlled. There should also be a plan to prevent the wastage of water. Background Study After the earthquake of January 12th, 2010, the majority of the infrastructure of Haiti was destroyed and water became a scarcity among the local population. The different issues rose due to the destruction of the sewage pipes in the country. The sewage water being mixed with the clean water improper measures of waste water treatment and disposal leads to a number of problems in the accessibility of clean water among the general population of Haiti. The increment in the water pollution is also due to the lack of the sanitation facilities available in the country. Problem Statement The water pollution in Haiti is one of the major concerns plaguing the country and causing a number of problems for the general population of the country. the mitigation of the water crisis is one of the necessary factors to be attended to for the sustainable development of the Haitian society. Literature Review on 3 Factor The literature review on the three factors will include the different factors affecting the water pollution problems in Haiti. According to Gelting et al. (2013), the water pollution in Haiti is one of the major challenges the country faces and the availability of sanitation to just 17% of the population in 2010 is one of the major reasons of the pollution. The lack of the sanitation facilities in the country causes the underground and the clean drinkable water to be polluted by a number of pollutants. As pointed out by Pandey et al. (2014), the contamination of the water bodies due to a number of pathogens is one of the important reasons for water pollution across the world. The pathogenic bacterial infestation greatly affects a number of water bodies in the world, making it unfit for human consumption. One of the major reasons of the disease out breaks is the groundwater contamination which the result of the pollution in the different areas. According to Ali, Yousaf Awan, (2015), the different types of pollution are one of the major problems of the developing countries. The pollution in these countries are affected by a number of factors such as the different levels of urbanization, extra emphasis on growth rather than environment and lack of the resources to maintain a sustainable environment economically. Literature Review on 4 Challenges According to Capps, Bentsen Ramrez, (2016), the lack of the infrastructure and the sanitation facilities are major challenges faced by the developing economies while trying to improve the water quality. The industrialization and the shift of populations greatly affect the pollution problems in the country. According to Lantagne Clasen, (2012), the safe storage and the household treatment of the water is one of the major ways to meet the water demands in the country. in the given scenario there is major issue of the lack of infrastructure in Haiti which leads to improper storage and dispersal of water in the majority of the country. As shown by Cashman, (2014), the island countries of the Caribbean countries to which Haiti belongs is greatly affected by the climatic changes in the society. one of the major problems in the society is the extremity of the climate in this area, which leads to flood and draught like situations in the area instead of sustainable water for the society. According to Harshfield, et al. (2012), there is a major health concern in Haiti due to Major number of people depending on drinking chlorinated water. There are a number of issues in such houses such as diarrhea, and other water borne communicable diseases which makes the situation dire for the society as a whole. Literature Review on 3 Impacts According to Laborde et al., (2015), the majority of the children suffer in the developing countries due to the use of contaminated water. There are a number of health issues affecting the children of low income countries like Haiti due to water pollution. The children suffer from a number of diseases, which not only affects their health, but their education and cognitive development in the society. According to Wang, et al. (2014), the wastewater and its impacts are greatly important in the overall management of the fresh water and meeting the needs of the society. the different issues that the society faces in the Caribbean environment is their over dependence on a limited resource of water for their survival. The water greatly affects the daily life of the Haitians as it leads to a number of diseases hampers the working and the education hours as they are wasted on procurement of the water. According to Patrick, et al. (2013), the access to the safe and drinkable water in Haiti is really limited leading to a number of diseases, such as the cholera outbreak. Moreover, the overall environment of Haiti greatly affects the contamination of the drinking water by a number of bacterial pathogens which further aggravates the onset of diseases in the society. the water house hold treatment and practices needs to be taken into consideration to prevent the society from the effects of water pollution. Solution or 6 Suggestions with examples Waste management: The waste management is one of the best ways to control pollution and ascertain environmental sustainability. For example, first world countries have a great waste management system which prevent their water resources from getting polluted and affected by the different pathogens. Proper sewage disposal: Proper sewage disposal systems in country will prevent the waste water from seeping in the ground and contaminating the ground water. Moreover, this will also help in stopping the pollution in the rivers and other fresh water bodies. For example, in America the water disposal act guides the people towards a proper disposal of the sewage water without harming the environment. Water pumps: The scarcity of the water pumps and the public taps is another problem that Haiti is facing after the earthquake. This leads to lack of proper distribution of water. For example, the city of Cape Town in facing a major water scarcity but water is provided through communal taps. Latrines for the general population: Latrines for the general population is one of the most important measures that should be taken for ascertaining the quality of water in the country. the different water sources are mostly contaminated due to the fecal bacteria because of people defecating in open. Foe example, the latrine systems used in Nairobi and Cape town for the public use greatly help in the growth and development of the water management faculties in the country. Social awareness programs: The social awareness regarding the scarcity of the water is extremely important. The people need to be made aware of water being a depleting resource in the society and the different ways to conserve water. People should also be taught about conserving water during the rainy season which will help in meeting the demands during the dry seasons. They should also be educated about pollution and ways to avoid it. For example, the people from China use their water effectively and they use sustainable use of water. Rain water harvesting and treatment plants: The rain water harvesting and the water treatment plants is one of the important ways to meet the demands in the country. the setting up of rain water harvesting plant in the rural areas will greatly help in the meeting the demands of the area and retaining the ground water level. The water treatment plan can be a great alternative in a country like Haiti as it can help by making the water from the sea proper for human consumption. The treatment plant can also help in the treatment of the sewage water so that it does not contaminate the ground water in the society. for example, the sea water treatment plant in San Francisco is greatly helping in meeting the water needs of the city. Conclusion Therefore, in the report it can be seen that the water needs of the city needs to be over come to meet the daily water needs of the Haitian Society. The water pollution is one of the major problems of the Haitian society as the island is facing a great shortage of water and lack of infrastructure to provide for its citizens. The water pollution causes a number of diseases in the Haitian society and it affects the daily life, education and development of the society. it can be seen that pollution adversely affects the lifestyle leading to a number of problems in the society. To counter these problems in the society, there are a number of measures that should be taken for water conservation and preventing the water from bring polluted. Most importantly, the climatic changes need to be mitigated to avoid pollution and water shortfall. Hence the different issues related to water pollution need to be mitigated in the so that a sustainable society is achieved. References Ali, A., Yousaf, M. W., Awan, M. M. S. (2015). Environmental pollution: legislation and remedial measures.J Environ Prot Sustain Dev,1(1), 13-17. 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